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Species of the Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).

ABSTRACT: European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is widely planted in landscaping. In October 2021 and August 2022, leaf spot was observed on C. betulus in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. To identify the causal agent of anthracnose disease on C. betulus, 23 isolates were obtained from the symptomatic leaves. Based on ITS sequences and colony morphology, these isolates were divided into four Colletotrichum groups. Koch's postulates of four Colletotrichum species showed similar symptoms observed in the field. Combining the morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer (ApMat) gene, the calmodulin (CAL) gene, glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, Glutamine synthetase (GS) gene, and beta-tubulin 2 (TUB2) genes, the four Colletotrichum groups were identified as C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, C. aenigma, and C. siamense. This study is the first report of four Colletotrichum species causing leaf spot on European hornbeam in China, and it provides clear pathogen information for the further evaluation of the disease control strategies.

SUBMITTER: Qiao YH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10140928 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Species of the Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).

Qiao Yu-Hang YH Zhang Chen-Ning CN Li Min M Li Huan H Mao Yun-Fei YF Chen Feng-Mao FM

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 20230419 4

European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is widely planted in landscaping. In October 2021 and August 2022, leaf spot was observed on C. betulus in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. To identify the causal agent of anthracnose disease on C. betulus, 23 isolates were obtained from the symptomatic leaves. Based on ITS sequences and colony morphology, these isolates were divided into four Colletotrichum groups. Koch's postulates of four Colletotrichum species showed ...[more]

PMID: 37108943

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Project description:Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, is a rapidly emerging disease leading to defoliation, fruit spot, and storage fruit rot on apple in China. Little is known about the mechanisms of GLS pathogenesis. Early transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of the zinc finger transcription factor Ste12 gene in C. fructicola (CfSte12) was upregulated in appressoria and leaf infection. To investigate functions of CfSte12 during pathogenesis, we constructed gene deletion mutants (ΔCfSte12) by homologous recombination. Phenotypic analysis revealed that CfSte12 was involved in pathogenesis of nonwounded apple fruit and leaf, as well as wounded apple fruit. Subsequent histological studies revealed that loss of pathogenicity by ΔCfSte12 on apple leaf was expressed as defects of conidium germination, appressorium development, and appressorium-mediated penetration. Further RNA sequencing-based transcriptome comparison revealed that CfSte12 modulates the expression of genes related to appressorium function (e.g., genes for the tetraspanin PLS1, Gas1-like proteins, cutinases, and melanin biosynthesis) and candidate effectors likely involved in plant interaction. In sum, our results demonstrated that CfSte12 is a key regulator of early apple GLS pathogenesis in C. fructicola In addition, CfSte12 is also needed for sexual development of perithecia and ascospores.IMPORTANCE Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is an emerging fungal disease of apple that causes huge economic losses in Asia, North America, and South America. The damage inflicted by GLS manifests in rapid necrosis of leaves, severe defoliation, and necrotic spot on the fruit surface. However, few studies have addressed mechanisms of GLS pathogenesis. In this study, we identified and characterized a key pathogenicity-related transcription factor, CfSte12, of Colletotrichum fructicola that contributes to GLS pathogenesis. We provide evidence that the CfSte12 protein regulates many important pathogenic processes of GLS, including conidium germination, appressorium formation, appressorium-mediated penetration, and colonization. CfSte12 also impacts development of structures needed for sexual reproduction which are vital for the GLS disease cycle. These results reveal a key pathogenicity-related transcription factor, CfSte12, in C. fructicola that causes GLS.

Dataset Information

Species of the Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).

Publications

Species of the <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>).

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Dataset Information

Species of the Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).

Publications

Species of the &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum&lt;/i&gt; spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (&lt;i&gt;Carpinus betulus&lt;/i&gt;).

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Species of the <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp., the Causal Agents of Leaf Spot on European Hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>).