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Synergistic effects boosting hydrogen evolution performance of transition metal oxides at ultralow Ru loading levels† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01501g

ABSTRACT: In this study, ultralow ruthenium nanoparticles on the nickel molybdate nanorods grown on nickel foam (Ru–NiMoO4–NF) were synthesized. The Ru–NiMoO4–NF exhibited outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction performances in alkaline with overpotential of 52 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. And, it maintains excellent stability for 20 h at the current density of 20 mA cm−2. The mass activity of Ru–NiMoO4–NF is 0.21 A mgRu−1, which is higher than that of Pt/C. Lots of exposed heterojunction interfaces and synergistic effects between Ru nanoparticles and NiMoO4 nanorods were regarded as the reasons for excellent performance. This work provides an innovative route for developing low-cost catalysts based on the transition metal oxides and trace precious metal with unique heterostructures for hydrogen production through water splitting. The novel Ru–NiMoO4–NF catalysts were fabricate through simple experimental strategy, which exhibited outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction performances in alkaline.

SUBMITTER: Yang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10141579 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In this research, the synergistic antiviral effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal oxides (MO) in the form of novel hybrid structures (MO-CNTs) are presented. Raw CNTs, Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2, as well as Ni(OH)2-CNT, Fe2O3-CNT and MnO2-CNT were explored in this study against Escherichia. coli MS2 bacteriophage, which was used as a virus surrogate. The nano particles were synthesized and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Kinetic parameters such as the LD50 (lethal dose to kill 50% of the population), T50 and T80 (time taken to kill 50% and 80% of the population), SGR (specific growth rate) and IRD (initial rate of deactivation of the population) were also studied to examine the antiviral efficacy of these nanomaterials. Among all the nanomaterials, Ni(OH)2-CNT was the most effective antiviral agent followed by Fe2O3-CNT, MnO2-CNT, raw CNTs, Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2. When comparing the metal oxide-CNTs to the raw CNTs, the average enhancement was 20.2%. The average antiviral activity enhancement of the MO-CNTs were between 50 and 54% higher than the MO itself. When compared to the raw CNTs, the average enhancement over all the MO-CNTs was 20.2%. The kinetic studies showed that the LD50 of Ni(OH)2-CNT was the lowest (16µg/mL), which implies that it was the most toxic of all the compounds studied. The LD50 of Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2 were 17.3×, 14.5× and 10.8× times greater than their corresponding hybrids with the CNTs. The synergistic mechanism involved the entrapment of phage viruses by the nano structured CNTs leading to structural damage along with toxicity to phage from the release of MO ions. The metal oxide-CNT nano hybrids developed in this project are promising candidates in applications such as antiviral coatings, nanocomposites, adsorbents and as components of personal protection gears.

Dataset Information

Synergistic effects boosting hydrogen evolution performance of transition metal oxides at ultralow Ru loading levels† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01501g

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