Dataset Information

Smokers' utilization of quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy: an empirical cluster analysis of 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data in seven US states.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Patterns of utilization of numerous smoking cessation methods among pregnant women amidst the increasing popularity of vaping (use of e-cigarettes) remains unknown.

Methods

This study included 3,154 mothers who self-reported smoking around the time of conception and delivered live births in 2016-2018 in seven US states. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of smoking women based on their utilization of 10 surveyed quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy.

Results

We identified four subgroups of smoking mothers with different utilization patterns of quitting methods during pregnancy: 22.0% reported "not trying to quit"; 61.4% tried to "quit on my own" without any behavioral or pharmacological assistance; 3.7% belonged to the "vaping" subgroup; and 12.9% utilized "wide-ranging methods" with higher use rate of multiple approaches, such as quit line and nicotine patch. Compared to mothers "not trying to quit," the subgroup trying to "quit on my own" were more likely to be abstinent (adjusted OR 4.95, 95% CI 2.82-8.35) or to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked daily (adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.31-4.60) in late pregnancy, and these improvements lasted into early postpartum. We did not observe a measurable reduction in smoking among the "vaping" subgroup or women trying to quit with "wide-ranging methods".

Conclusions

We identified four subgroups of smoking mothers with different utilization patterns of eleven quitting methods during pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy smokers who tried to "quit on my own" were most likely to be abstinent or to reduce smoking amount.

SUBMITTER: Wang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10152601 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Smokers' utilization of quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy: an empirical cluster analysis of 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data in seven US states.

Wang Xi X Lee Nora L NL Burstyn Igor I

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20230502 1

<h4>Background</h4>Patterns of utilization of numerous smoking cessation methods among pregnant women amidst the increasing popularity of vaping (use of e-cigarettes) remains unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>This study included 3,154 mothers who self-reported smoking around the time of conception and delivered live births in 2016-2018 in seven US states. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of smoking women based on their utilization of 10 surveyed quitting methods and vaping during pregn ...[more]

PMID: 37131124

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Project description:IntroductionTo test whether urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking have independent predictive value for quit attempts and short-term quit success over and above the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI).Aims and methodsData were from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 (2016) and Wave 2 (2018) surveys. About 3661 daily smokers (daily vapers excluded) provided data in both waves. A series of multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of each dependence measure on odds of making a quit attempt and at least 1-month smoking abstinence.ResultsOf the 3661 participants, 1594 (43.5%) reported a quit attempt. Of those who reported a quit attempt, 546 (34.9%) reported short-term quit success. Fully adjusted models showed that making quit attempts was associated with lower HSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90, p < .001), stronger urges to smoke (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, p = .002), and higher perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.84, p = .008). Lower HSI (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p < .001), weaker urges to smoke (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.95, p = .006), and lower perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.91, p = .021) were associated with greater odds of short-term quit success. In both cases, overall R2 was around 0.5.ConclusionsThe two additional dependence measures were complementary to HSI adding explanatory power to smoking cessation models, but variance explained remains small.ImplicationsStrength of urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking may significantly improve prediction of cessation attempts and short-term quit success over and above routinely assessed demographic variables and the HSI. Stratification of analyses by age group is recommended because the relationship between dependence measures and outcomes differs significantly for younger (aged 18-39) compared to older (aged older than 40) participants. Even with the addition of these extra measures of dependence, the overall variance explained in predicting smoking cessation outcomes remains very low. These measures can only be thought of as assessing some aspects of dependence. Current understanding of the factors that ultimately determine quit success remains limited.

Project description:IntroductionThere is limited research on the role of flavors in nicotine vaping products (NVPs) in relation to smoking. We examined patterns of flavor use in NVPs in relation to progression toward quitting.Aims and methodsData come from 886 concurrent users of NVPs (at least weekly) and cigarettes who were first surveyed in 2016 and then successfully recontacted in 2018 as part of the ITC 4CV Surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Participants were asked about their main vaping flavor categorized as: (1) tobacco or unflavored, (2) menthol or mint flavored, and (3) "sweet" flavors (eg, fruit or candy). We examined whether flavor was associated with progression toward quitting smoking between survey years.ResultsOverall, 11.1% of baseline concurrent users quit smoking by 2018. Compared with users of tobacco flavors, those vaping "sweet" flavors were more likely to quit smoking between surveys (13.8% vs. 9.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.58, p < .05), but those using menthol flavors were no more likely to quit smoking (8.3% vs. 9.6%, aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.43-1.47, p = .69). Among those who had quit smoking in 2018, 52.0% were still vaping, which was lower than the 65.8% among continuing smokers (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.92, p = .02). Sweet flavor users were no more likely to continue vaping compared with tobacco flavor users, either for those continuing smoking or those having quit smoking by 2018. There was a net shift away from tobacco flavor among those who continued to vape at follow-up.ConclusionsUse of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers' transition away from cigarettes.ImplicationsWith multiple jurisdictions considering limiting or banning the sale of flavored NVPs, it is important to consider how such policies may impact smokers using NVPs to transition away from cigarette smoking. Our results indicate that vapers who used sweet flavors were more likely to transition away from cigarette smoking and quit cigarette use, at least in the short term, compared with those who used tobacco or unflavored NVPs. Randomized clinical trials are needed to establish if the observed association between use of flavored e-liquids and smoking cessation is due to self-selection or is truly causal.

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Project description:AimsTo examine whether norms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use varied between Australia, Canada, England and the United States and by socio-demographics, smoking and NVP status.DesignCross-sectional data from the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.SettingFour countries with distinct regulatory policies relating to the sale and advertising of NVPs: Australia (most restrictive), Canada (restrictive), England and the United States (least restrictive).ParticipantsA total of 10900 adult (age 18+) current smokers, former smokers, or at least weekly NVP users. Respondents were from Australia (n = 1366), Canada (n = 3309), England (n = 3835) and the United States (n = 2390).MeasurementsQuestions permitted the categorization of respondents as current smokers, former smokers, NVP users and socio-demographic categories (sex, age, country, ethnicity, income and education). Further questions were asked regarding the frequency of exposure to NVPs in public, whether they had a partner or close friends who vaped and whether they believed society or those considered important to them approved of NVPs.FindingsAdjusting for relevant covariates, compared with Australian respondents, those in England, Canada and the United States were more likely to report frequent exposure to NVPs in public (83.1%, 57.3% and 48.3%, respectively, compared to 19.8% in Australia; P < 0.0001), having a partner who vaped (13.8%, 7.1% and 7.7%, respectively, compared to 2.1% in Australia; P < 0.0001) and having close friend(s) who vaped (31.7%, 25.3%, 20.9%, respectively, compared to 10.0% in Australia; P < 0.0001). Compared with Australian respondents, respondents from England were more likely to report that society (27.6% compared to 12.3% in Australia; P < 0.0001) and people important to them approved of NVP use (28.9% compared to 14.3% in Australia; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsNorms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use appear to vary among countries with different regulatory contexts regarding sales and advertising.

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Dataset Information

Smokers' utilization of quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy: an empirical cluster analysis of 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data in seven US states.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Smokers' utilization of quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy: an empirical cluster analysis of 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data in seven US states.

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