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Chiropterans Are a Hotspot for Horizontal Transfer of DNA Transposons in Mammalia.

ABSTRACT: Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) is an important mechanism contributing to genetic diversity and innovation. Bats (order Chiroptera) have repeatedly been shown to experience horizontal transfer of TEs at what appears to be a high rate compared with other mammals. We investigated the occurrence of horizontally transferred (HT) DNA transposons involving bats. We found over 200 putative HT elements within bats; 16 transposons were shared across distantly related mammalian clades, and 2 other elements were shared with a fish and two lizard species. Our results indicate that bats are a hotspot for horizontal transfer of DNA transposons. These events broadly coincide with the diversification of several bat clades, supporting the hypothesis that DNA transposon invasions have contributed to genetic diversification of bats.

SUBMITTER: Paulat NS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10162687 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chiropterans Are a Hotspot for Horizontal Transfer of DNA Transposons in Mammalia.

Paulat Nicole S NS Storer Jessica M JM Moreno-Santillán Diana D DD Osmanski Austin B AB Sullivan Kevin A M KAM Grimshaw Jenna R JR Korstian Jennifer J Halsey Michaela M Garcia Carlos J CJ Crookshanks Claudia C Roberts Jaquelyn J Smit Arian F A AFA Hubley Robert R Rosen Jeb J Teeling Emma C EC Vernes Sonja C SC Myers Eugene E Pippel Martin M Brown Thomas T Hiller Michael M Rojas Danny D Dávalos Liliana M LM Lindblad-Toh Kerstin K Karlsson Elinor K EK Ray David A DA

Molecular biology and evolution 20230501 5

Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) is an important mechanism contributing to genetic diversity and innovation. Bats (order Chiroptera) have repeatedly been shown to experience horizontal transfer of TEs at what appears to be a high rate compared with other mammals. We investigated the occurrence of horizontally transferred (HT) DNA transposons involving bats. We found over 200 putative HT elements within bats; 16 transposons were shared across distantly related mammalian clades, ...[more]

PMID: 37071810

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Project description:Transposable elements (TEs) are highly abundant in the genome and capable of mobility, two properties that make them particularly prone to transfer horizontally between organisms. Although the impact of horizontal transfer (HT) of TEs is well recognized in prokaryotes, the frequency of this phenomenon and its contribution to genome evolution in eukaryotes remain poorly appreciated. Here, we provide evidence that a DNA transposon called SPIN has colonized the genome of 17 species of reptiles representing nearly every major lineage of squamates, including 14 families of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Slot blot analyses indicate that SPIN has amplified to high copy numbers in most of these species, ranging from 2,000-28,000 copies per haploid genome. In contrast, we could not detect the presence of SPIN in any of the turtles (seven species from seven families) and crocodiles (four species) examined. Genetic distances between SPIN sequences from species belonging to different squamate families are consistently very low (average = 0.1), considering the deep evolutionary divergence of the families investigated (most are >100 My diverged). Furthermore, these distances fall below interfamilial distances calculated for two genes known to have evolved under strong functional constraint in vertebrates (RAG1, average = 0.24 and C-mos, average = 0.27). These data, combined with phylogenetic analyses, indicate that the widespread distribution of SPIN among squamates is the result of at least 13 independent events of HTs. Molecular dating and paleobiogeographical data suggest that these transfers took place during the last 50 My on at least three different continents (North America, South America and, Africa). Together, these results triple the number of known SPIN transfer events among tetrapods, provide evidence for a previously hypothesized transoceanic movement of SPIN transposons during the Cenozoic, and further underscore the role of HT in the evolution of vertebrate genomes.

Dataset Information

Chiropterans Are a Hotspot for Horizontal Transfer of DNA Transposons in Mammalia.

Publications

Chiropterans Are a Hotspot for Horizontal Transfer of DNA Transposons in Mammalia.

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