Severe Mycobacterial Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Has Features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Requires Prolonged Immune Suppression.

ABSTRACT:

Background

People with HIV and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Severe mycobacterial IRIS has an overlapping clinical phenotype with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We evaluated the pathophysiologic similarities between mycobacterial IRIS and HLH to identify clinical and immune predictors of mycobacterial IRIS severity.

Methods

HLH criteria were applied to a longitudinal cohort of 80 patients with HIV (CD4 <100 cells/µL) and mycobacterial infections. Participants were subdivided into IRIS meeting HLH criteria (HLH-IRIS), IRIS without HLH (IRIS), and those without IRIS (non-IRIS). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by regression analyses. Soluble biomarkers and T-cell s

SUBMITTER: Rocco JM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10169423 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature