Organocatalytic Dehydration of Fructose-Based Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in the Presence of a Neutral Inner Salt.

ABSTRACT: A series of organic sulfonate inner salts, viz., aprotic imidazolium- and pyridinium-based zwitterions bearing sulfonate groups (-SO₃^-), were synthesized for the catalytic conversion of fructose-based carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The dramatic cooperation of both the cation and anion of inner salts played a crucial role in the HMF formation. The inner salts have excellent solvent compatibility, and 4-(pyridinium)butane sulfonate (PyBS) affords the highest catalytic activity with 88.2 and 95.1% HMF yields at almost full conversion of fructose in low-boiling-point protic solvent isopropanol (i-PrOH) and aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. The substrate tolerance of aprotic inner salt was also studied through changin

SUBMITTER: Ma H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10173322 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature