Making Sense of Late Tissue Nodules Associated With Hyaluronic Acid Injections.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The pathogenesis of delayed-onset tissue nodules (DTNs) due to hyaluronic acid (HA) injections is uncertain.

Objectives

To formulate a rational theory for DTN development and their avoidance and treatment.

Methods

A multidisciplinary and multicountry DTN consensus panel was established, with 20 questions posed and consensus sought. Consensus was set at 75% agreement.

Results

Consensus was reached in 16 of 20 questions regarding the pathogenesis of DTNs, forming the basis for a classification and treatment guide.

Conclusions

The group believes that filler, pathogens, and inflammation are all involved in DTNs and that DTNs most likely are infection initiated with a variable immune response. Injected filler may incorporate surface bacteria, eithe

SUBMITTER: Goodman GJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10184938 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature