Investigating anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence and muscle dysmorphia with network analysis among male weightlifters.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) dependence has numerous adverse health consequences, and may be driven in part by body image concerns, primarily muscle dysmorphia. This study aims to further understand and identify potential clinical targets using network analyses of AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in males who used AAS and weightlifting controls.

Methods

A sample of 153 men who currently or previously used AAS and 88 weight-lifting controls were recruited through social media and relevant online forums, and via posters and flyers distributed in select gyms in Oslo, Norway. Symptoms of AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia were assessed using clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires. Severity of muscle dysmorphia symptoms were compared be

SUBMITTER: Scarth M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10186641 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature