National trends and disparities in retail food environments in the USA between 1990 and 2014.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To describe national disparities in retail food environments by neighbourhood composition (race/ethnicity and socio-economic status) across time and space.

Design

We examined built food environments (retail outlets) between 1990 and 2014 for census tracts in the contiguous USA (n 71 547). We measured retail food environment as counts of all food stores, all unhealthy food sources (including fast food, convenience stores, bakeries and ice cream) and healthy food stores (including supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets) from National Establishment Time Series business data. Changes in food environment were mapped to display spatial patterns. Multi-level Poisson models, clustered by tract, estimated time trends in counts of food stores with a land area offse

SUBMITTER: Hirsch JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10191888 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature