Bifactor analysis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACT: Anxiety and depression symptoms are commonly experienced after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies validating measures of anxiety and depression for this population are scarce. Using novel indices derived from symmetrical bifactor modeling, we evaluated whether the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) reliably differentiated anxiety and depression in 874 adults with moderate-severe TBI. The results showed that there was a dominant general distress factor accounting for 84% of the systematic variance in HADS total scores. The specific anxiety and depression factors accounted for little residual variance in the respective subscale scores (12% and 20%, respectively), and overall, minimal bias was found in using the HADS as a unidimensional measure. Further, in a subsample o

SUBMITTER: Carmichael J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10192445 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature