Dataset Information

Effect of breakfast cereal type on portion size and nutritional implications.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The present study aimed to assess the effect of different types of breakfast cereal (BC) on portion size and the nutritional implications of potential under or overserving.

Design

A cross-sectional analysis was performed using one BC from the seven established BC manufacturing methods (flaking (F), gun puffed (GP), oven puffed (OP), extruded gun puffed (EGP), shredded wholegrain (SW), biscuit formed (BF) and granola). Participants were asked to pour cereal as if they were serving themselves (freepour). Difference between the freepour and recommended serving size (RSS) was calculated (DFR). The Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test was used to test for a significant differences between cereal categories.

Setting

City of Chester, North West of the UK.

Participants

Adults (n 169; n 110 female, 32 (sd 18) years).

Results

Freepour values were greater than RSS for all categories of BC. Median values for denser cereals such as SW, granola and oats were significantly (P < 0·001) greater than all other categories with granola having the highest median freepour value of 95 g. Median (and range of) DFR weight values for granola were significantly higher than other BC (50·0 g (-24·0 to 267·0 g), P < 0·001). BC with the lowest median DFR were F1 (7·0 g (-20 to 63·0 g)), GP (6·0 g (-26·0 to 69·0 g)), EGP (6·0 g (-26·0 to 56·0 g)), OP (5·0 g (-27·0 to 53·0 g)) and BF (0·0 g (-28·2 to 56·4 g)).

Conclusions

The degree of overserving may be related to the type of BC with denser cereals more readily overserved. Encouraging manufacturers to reformulate cereals and improving their nutritional properties may have benefit in reducing excess energy intake.

SUBMITTER: Lewis IM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10195339 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effect of breakfast cereal type on portion size and nutritional implications.

Lewis Isabelle M IM Boote Lucy L Butler Tom T

Public health nutrition 20210217 11

<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to assess the effect of different types of breakfast cereal (BC) on portion size and the nutritional implications of potential under or overserving.<h4>Design</h4>A cross-sectional analysis was performed using one BC from the seven established BC manufacturing methods (flaking (F), gun puffed (GP), oven puffed (OP), extruded gun puffed (EGP), shredded wholegrain (SW), biscuit formed (BF) and granola). Participants were asked to pour cereal as if they wer ...[more]

PMID: 33593471

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Project description:People typically eat more from large portions of food than from small portions. An explanation that has often been given for this so-called portion size effect is that the portion size acts as a social norm and as such communicates how much is appropriate to eat. In this paper, we tested this explanation by examining whether manipulating the relevance of the portion size as a social norm changes the portion size effect, as assessed by prospective consumption decisions. We conducted one pilot experiment and one full experiment in which participants respectively indicated how much they would eat or serve themselves from a given amount of different foods. In the pilot (N = 63), we manipulated normative relevance by allegedly basing the portion size on the behavior of either students of the own university (in-group) or of another university (out-group). In the main experiment (N = 321), we told participants that either a minority or majority of people similar to them approved of the portion size. Results show that in both experiments, participants expected to serve themselves and to eat more from larger than from smaller portions. As expected, however, the portion size effect was less pronounced when the reference portions were allegedly based on the behavior of an out-group (pilot) or approved only by a minority (main experiment). These findings suggest that the portion size indeed provides normative information, because participants were less influenced by it if it communicated the behaviors or values of a less relevant social group. In addition, in the main experiment, the relation between portion size and the expected amount served was partially mediated by the amount that was considered appropriate, suggesting that concerns about eating an appropriate amount indeed play a role in the portion size effect. However, since the portion size effect was weakened but not eliminated by the normative relevance manipulations and since mediation was only partial, other mechanisms may also play a role.

Dataset Information

Effect of breakfast cereal type on portion size and nutritional implications.

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of breakfast cereal type on portion size and nutritional implications.

Similar Datasets

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