New insights and options into the mechanisms and effects of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT: Chronic inflammation is believed to drive prostate carcinogenesis by producing reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species to induce DNA damage. This effect might subsequently cause epigenetic and genomic alterations, leading to malignant transformation. Although established therapeutic advances have extended overall survival, tumors in patients with advanced prostate cancer are prone to metastasis, transformation into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer is involved in carcinogenesis, invasion and drug resistance. A plethora of preclinical studies have focused on immune-based therapies. Understanding the intricate TME system in prostate cancer may hold much promise for developing novel the

SUBMITTER: Lin M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10199166 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature