Utilization of vanillin to prepare sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene as efficient organocatalyst for biodiesel production based on methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid

ABSTRACT: Recently, biodiesel production from palm oils has been thoroughly investigated to substitute crude oil due to its scarcity. However, the biodiesel production process is time-consuming due to its slow kinetics; thus, concentrated sulfuric acid has been used to fasten the reaction process in some industries. Unfortunately, sulfuric acid is a toxic, corrosive, and non-environmentally friendly catalyst. In this study, we prepared sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene derived from vanillin as an efficient organocatalyst to replace sulfuric acid. The catalytic activity of sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarenes was evaluated through the methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid as model compounds due to their abundant amounts in palm oil. The Calix[4]resorcinarene and sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarenes have bee

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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10208922 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature