A systematic review and meta-analysis of pathogen reduction in onsite sanitation systems

ABSTRACT: Highlights • Protozoa and Ascaris persisted longer in fecal sludge than bacteria and viruses.• Median T99 values for bacteria and viruses were 4.8 and 29 days, respectively.• Median T99 values for protozoa and Ascaris were >341 and 429 days, respectively.• Pathogen type, design and operational factors explained 67% of variability in decay.• Lime/ash treatment accelerates decay of Ascaris, but possibly only with urea present. The safe management of fecal sludge from the 3.4 billion people worldwide that use onsite sanitation systems can greatly reduce the global infectious disease burden. However, there is limited knowledge about the role of design, operational, and environmental factors on pathogen survival in pit latrines, urine diverting desiccation toilets, and other types of onsite toi

SUBMITTER: Musaazi I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10214292 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature