Dataset Information

Source-Specific Air Pollution Including Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Air pollution is negatively associated with cardiovascular health. Impediments to efficient regulation include lack of knowledge about which sources of air pollution contributes most to health burden and few studies on effects of the potentially more potent ultrafine particles (UFP).

Objective

The authors aimed to investigate myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and specific types and sources of air pollution.

Methods

We identified all persons living in Denmark in the period 2005-2017, age >50 y and never diagnosed with MI. We quantified 5-y running time-weighted mean concentrations of air pollution at residencies, both total and apportioned to traffic and nontraffic sources. We evaluated particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), <0.1μm (UFP), elemental carbon (EC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for time-varying exposures, and personal and area-level demographic and socioeconomic covariates from high-quality administrative registers.

Results

In this nationwide cohort of 1,964,702 persons (with 18 million person-years of follow-up and 71,285 cases of MI), UFP and PM2.5 were associated with increased risk of MI with hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) of 1.040 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.025, 1.055] and 1.053 (95% CI: 1.035, 1.071), respectively. HRs per IQR of UFP and PM2.5 from nontraffic sources were similar to the total (1.034 and 1.051), whereas HRs for UFP and PM2.5 from traffic sources were smaller (1.011 and 1.011). The HR for EC from traffic sources was 1.013 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.023). NO2 from nontraffic sources was associated with MI (HR=1.048; 95% CI: 1.034, 1.062) but not from traffic sources. In general, nontraffic sources contributed more to total air pollution levels than national traffic sources.

Conclusions

PM2.5 and UFP from traffic and nontraffic sources were associated with increased risk of MI, with nontraffic sources being the dominant source of exposure and morbidity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10556.

SUBMITTER: Poulsen AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10217353 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Source-Specific Air Pollution Including Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

Poulsen Aslak Harbo AH Sørensen Mette M Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur UA Christensen Jesper H JH Brandt Jørgen J Frohn Lise Marie LM Ketzel Matthias M Andersen Christopher C Raaschou-Nielsen Ole O

Environmental health perspectives 20230526 5

<h4>Background</h4>Air pollution is negatively associated with cardiovascular health. Impediments to efficient regulation include lack of knowledge about which sources of air pollution contributes most to health burden and few studies on effects of the potentially more potent ultrafine particles (UFP).<h4>Objective</h4>The authors aimed to investigate myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and specific types and sources of air pollution.<h4>Methods</h4>We identified all persons living in Denmark i ...[more]

PMID: 37235386

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundAir pollution exposure has been linked to coronary heart disease, although evidence on PM2.5 and myocardial infarction (MI) incidence is mixed.ObjectivesThis prospective cohort study aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and MI incidence, adjusting for road traffic noise.MethodsWe used data from the nationwide Danish Nurse Cohort on 22,882 female nurses (>44 years of age) who, at recruitment in 1993 or 1999, reported information on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Data on MI incidence was collected from the Danish National Patient Register until the end of 2014. Annual mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5), PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the nurses' residences since 1990 (PM10 and PM2.5) or 1970 (NO2 and NOx) were estimated using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model/AirGIS (DEHM/UBM/AirGIS) dispersion model. We used time-varying Cox regression models to examine the association between 1- and 3-y running means of these pollutants, as well as 23-y running means of NO2 and NOx, with both overall and fatal incident MI. Associations were explored in three progressively adjusted models: Model 1, adjusted for age and baseline year; Model 2, with further adjustment for potential confounding by lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors; and Model 3, with further adjustment for road traffic noise, modeled as the annual mean of a weighted 24-h average (Lden).ResultsOf the 22,882 women, 641 developed MI during a mean follow-up of 18.6 y, 121 (18.9%) of which were fatal. Reported hazard ratios (HRs) were based on interquartile range increases of 5.3, 5.5, 8.1, and 11.5 μg/m3 for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx, respectively. In Model 1, we observed a positive association between a 3-y running mean of PM2.5 and an overall incident MI with an HR= 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.35), which attenuated to HR= 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.23) in Model 2. In Model 1 for incident fatal MI, we observed a strong association with a 3-y running mean of PM2.5, with an HR= 1.69 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.13), which attenuated to HR= 1.35 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.81) in Model 2. Similar associations were seen for PM10, with 3-y, Model 2 estimates for overall and fatal incident MI of HR= 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.23) and HR= 1.35 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.81), respectively. No evidence of an association was observed for NO2 or NOx. For all pollutants, associations in Model 2 were robust to further adjustment for road traffic noise in Model 3 and were similar for a 1-y running mean exposure.ConclusionsWe found no association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, or NOx and overall MI incidence, but we observed positive associations for PM2.5 and PM10 with fatal MI. We present novel findings that the association between PM and MI incidence is robust to adjustment for road traffic noise. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5818.

Dataset Information

Source-Specific Air Pollution Including Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Source-Specific Air Pollution Including Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

Similar Datasets

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