Citric Acid Confers Broad Antibiotic Tolerance through Alteration of Bacterial Metabolism and Oxidative Stress.

ABSTRACT: Antibiotic tolerance has become an increasingly serious crisis that has seriously threatened global public health. However, little is known about the exogenous factors that can trigger the development of antibiotic tolerance, both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we found that the addition of citric acid, which is used in many fields, obviously weakened the bactericidal activity of antibiotics against various bacterial pathogens. This mechanistic study shows that citric acid activated the glyoxylate cycle by inhibiting ATP production in bacteria, reduced cell respiration levels, and inhibited the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). In addition, citric acid reduced the oxidative stress ability of bacteria, which led to an imbalance in the bacterial oxidation-antioxidant system. The

SUBMITTER: Li XS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10219361 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature