Leakless, Bipolar Reference Electrodes: Fabrication, Performance, and Miniaturization.

ABSTRACT: Reference electrodes must maintain a well-defined potential for long periods of time to be useful. The silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode is arguably the most widely used reference electrode, but it leaks silver and chloride ions into the sample solution through the porous frit over time. Further, the porous frit makes miniaturization to the micro- and nanoscale challenging. Here, we present an alternative, where the traditional Ag/AgCl reference electrode porous frit is replaced by a conductive wire, preventing ion leakage and allowing miniaturization to the microscale. Charge balance is maintained through a closed bipolar electrochemical mechanism, where faradaic processes occur on each end of the sealed wire. Using the above design, we demonstrate the efficacy of the l

SUBMITTER: Walker NL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10232926 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature