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Method optimization for the determinations of selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of wild Ethiopian Syzygium guineense fruit and seed under different drying conditions.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA), antioxidant activities/the half maximal effective concentration (EC50), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Ethiopian wild Syzygium guineense fruit and seed processed under different drying conditions. The optimizations of the UAE methods for the determination of AA, antioxidant activities (EC50 values), TPC, and TFC were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction time of 15 min, the temperature of 35 °C, extraction solvent composition (methanol:water) of 75 to 25%, and solid-to-solvent ratios of 1:15 w/v were the optimum independent parameters. The experimental and the predicted data of TPC, EC50, and AA were in good agreement with the overall error below 0.01%. It also indicated a hypothesized distribution of predicted data fitted with experimental data. The average TPC, EC50, and AA content in S. guineense fruits and the seed varied from 581.25 ± 37.13 to 1917.40 ± 26.15 mg GAE/100 g, 4.02 ± 0.42 to 155.73 ± 5.11 mg/100 g, and 1.96 ± 0.02 to 0.94 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. This study indicated that this underutilized wild fruit and its seeds can be an alternative source of AA and antioxidant compounds.

SUBMITTER: Asfaw TB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10238900 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Method optimization for the determinations of selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of wild Ethiopian <i>Syzygium guineense</i> fruit and seed under different drying conditions.

Asfaw Tilahun Belayneh TB Woldemariam Henock Woldemichael HW Tadesse Mesfin Getachew MG Tessema Fekade Beshah FB Admassie Zelalem Gizachew ZG Esho Tarekegn Berhanu TB

Heliyon 20230523 6

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA), antioxidant activities/the half maximal effective concentration (EC50), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Ethiopian wild <i>Syzygium guineense</i> fruit and seed processed under different drying conditions. The optimizations of the UAE methods for the determination of AA, antioxidant activities (EC ...[more]

PMID: 37274648

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Project description:IntroductionPhenolic phytochemicals are known for antioxidant-mediated pharmacological effects in various diseases (diabetes, cancer, CVDs, obesity, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders). However, individual compounds may not exert the same biological potency as in combination with other phytochemicals. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar), an underutilized semi-arid legume which has been used as a traditional food in Rajasthan (India), is also a source of the important industrial product guar gum. However, studies on its biological activity, like antioxidant, are limited.MethodsWe tested the effect of C. tetragonoloba seed extract to enhance the antioxidant activity of well-known dietary flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, and catechin) and non-flavonoid phenolics (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, taxifolin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and chlorogenic acid) using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The most synergistic combination was further validated for its cytoprotective and anti-lipid peroxidative effects in in vitro cell culture system, at different concentrations of the extract. LC-MS analysis of purified guar extract was also performed.Results and discussionIn most cases, we observed synergy at lower concentrations of the seed extract (0.5-1 mg/ml). The extract concentration of 0.5 mg/ml enhanced the antioxidant activity of Epigallocatechin gallate (20 µg/ml) by 2.07-folds, implicating its potential to act as an antioxidant activity enhancer. This synergistic seed extract-EGCG combination diminished the oxidative stress nearly by double-fold when compared with individual phytochemical treatments in in vitro cell culture. LC-MS analysis of the purified guar extract revealed some previously unreported metabolites, including catechin hydrate, myricetin-3-galactoside, gossypetin-8-glucoside, and puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glucoside) which possibly explains its antioxidant enhancer effect. The outcomes of this study could be used for development of effective nutraceutical/dietary supplements.

Project description:AbstractFruit phenolics are important dietary antioxidant and antidiabetic constituents. The fruit parts (pulp, seed, seed coat, kernel) of underutilized indigenous six black jamun landraces (Syzygium cumini L.), found in Gir forest region of India and differed in their fruit size, shape and weight, are evaluated and correlated with antidiabetic, DPPH radical scavenging and phenolic constituents. The α-amylase inhibitors propose an efficient antidiabetic strategy and the levels of postprandial hyperglycemia were lowered by restraining starch breakdown. The sequential solvent systems with ascending polarity-petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were performed for soxhlet extraction by hot percolation method and extractive yield was found maximum with methanolic fruit part extracts of six landraces. The methanolic extracts of fruit parts also evidenced higher antidiabetic activity and hence utilized for further characterization. Among the six landraces, pulp and kernel of BJLR-6 (very small, oblong fruits) evidenced maximum 53.8 and 98.2% inhibition of α-amylase activity, respectively. The seed attained inhibitory activity mostly contributed by the kernel fraction. The inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity was positively correlated with phenol constituents. An HPLC-PDA technique was used to quantify the seven individual phenolics. The seed and kernel of BJLR-6 exhibited higher individual phenolics-gallic, catechin, ellagic, ferulic acids and quercetin, whereas pulp evidenced higher with gallic acid and catechin as α-amylase inhibitors. The IC50 value indicates concentration of fruit extracts exhibiting ≥50% inhibition on porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) activity. The kernel fraction of BJLR6 evidenced lowest (8.3 µg ml-1) IC50 value followed by seed (12.9 µg ml-1), seed coat (50.8 µg ml-1) and pulp (270 µg ml-1). The seed and kernel of BJLR-6 inhibited PPA at much lower concentrations than standard acarbose (24.7 µg ml-1) considering good candidates for antidiabetic herbal formulations.Graphical abstract

Project description:Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as the Jamun or Indian blackberry, is a tropical evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent, and it belongs to the Myrtaceae family. This research aimed to assess the antibacterial properties of the extracts derived from S. cumini seed kernels and evaluate their total flavonoid content, total phenol content, total carbohydrate content, antioxidant capacity, and inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase. Cold maceration was chosen for its ability to preserve thermolabile compounds and efficiently extract bioactive constituents with minimal energy and equipment requirement, with hexane and methanol employed as extraction solvents. The methanolic seed kernel extract of S. cumini showed the highest flavonoid (127.78 μg quercetin equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 21.24 μg quercetin equivalent/mg in hexane dried extract) and polyphenol content (153.81 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 38.89 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg in hexane dried extract), along with significant carbohydrate content (475.61 μg glucose equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 5.57 μg GE/mg in hexane dried extract). It also demonstrated potent antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.23 μg/mL; ascorbic acid: 5.10 μg/mL) and xanthine oxidase inhibition (IC50: 14.88 μg/mL), comparable to the standard drug allopurinol (IC50: 6.54 μg/mL), suggesting its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the methanolic extract of seed kernels exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 19.00 mm against S. epidermidis, higher than the standard antibiotic (gentamicin: 18.33 mm) against K. pneumonia (ciprofloxacin: 33.66 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.32 mg/mL and 0.52 mg/mL, respectively, were observed for the same extract against S. epidermis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the remarkable antibacterial effects of S. cumini methanolic seed kernel extract against various pathogenic microorganisms as well as significant inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and antioxidant activity.

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Method optimization for the determinations of selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of wild Ethiopian Syzygium guineense fruit and seed under different drying conditions.

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Method optimization for the determinations of selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of wild Ethiopian <i>Syzygium guineense</i> fruit and seed under different drying conditions.

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