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Monolithically-stacked thin-film solid-state batteries.

ABSTRACT: The power capability of Li-ion batteries has become increasingly limiting for the electrification of transport on land and in the air. The specific power of Li-ion batteries is restricted to a few thousand W kg^-1 due to the required cathode thickness of a few tens of micrometers. We present a design of monolithically-stacked thin-film cells that has the potential to increase the power ten-fold. We demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept consisting of two monolithically stacked thin-film cells. Each cell consists of a silicon anode, a solid-oxide electrolyte, and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode. The battery can be cycled for more than 300 cycles between 6 and 8 V. Using a thermo-electric model, we predict that stacked thin-film batteries can achieve specific energies >250 Wh kg^-1 at C-rates above 60, resulting in a specific power of tens of kW kg^-1 needed for high-end applications such as drones, robots, and electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts.

SUBMITTER: Futscher MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10241883 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monolithically-stacked thin-film solid-state batteries.

Futscher Moritz H MH Brinkman Luc L Müller André A Casella Joel J Aribia Abdessalem A Romanyuk Yaroslav E YE

Communications chemistry 20230605 1

The power capability of Li-ion batteries has become increasingly limiting for the electrification of transport on land and in the air. The specific power of Li-ion batteries is restricted to a few thousand W kg<sup>-1</sup> due to the required cathode thickness of a few tens of micrometers. We present a design of monolithically-stacked thin-film cells that has the potential to increase the power ten-fold. We demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept consisting of two monolithically stacked th ...[more]

PMID: 37277459

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Project description:The substitution of an organic liquid electrolyte with lithium-conducting solid materials is a promising approach to overcome the limitations associated with conventional lithium-ion batteries. These constraints include a reduced electrochemical stability window, high toxicity, flammability, and the formation of lithium dendrites. In this way, all-solid-state batteries present themselves as ideal candidates for improving energy density, environmental friendliness, and safety. In particular, all-solid-state configurations allow the introduction of compact, lightweight, high-energy-density batteries, suitable for low-power applications, known as thin-film batteries. Moreover, solid electrolytes typically offer wide electrochemical stability windows, enabling the integration of high-voltage cathodes and permitting the fabrication of higher-energy-density batteries. A high-voltage, all-solid-state lithium-ion thin-film battery composed of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, a LiPON solid electrolyte, and a lithium metal anode has been deposited layer by layer on low-cost stainless-steel current collector substrates. The structural and electrochemical properties of each electroactive component of the battery had been analyzed separately prior to the full cell implementation. In addition to a study of the internal solid-solid interface, comparing them was done with two similar cells assembled using conventional lithium foil, one with thin-film solid electrolyte and another one with thin-film solid electrolyte plus a droplet of LP30 liquid electrolyte. The thin-film all-solid state cell developed in this work delivered 80.5 mAh g-1 in the first cycle at C/20 and after a C-rate test of 25 cycles at C/10, C/5, C/2, and 1C and stabilized its capacity at around 70 mAh g-1 for another 12 cycles prior to the start of its degradation. This cell reached gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 333 Wh kg-1 and 1,212 Wh l-1, respectively. Overall, this cell showed a better performance than its counterparts assembled with Li foil, highlighting the importance of the battery interface control.

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Monolithically-stacked thin-film solid-state batteries.

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Monolithically-stacked thin-film solid-state batteries.

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