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The proportion of resistant hosts in mixtures should be biased towards the resistance with the lowest breaking cost.

ABSTRACT: Current agricultural practices facilitate emergence and spread of plant diseases through the wide use of monocultures. Host mixtures are a promising alternative for sustainable plant disease control. Their effectiveness can be partly explained by priming-induced cross-protection among plants. Priming occurs when plants are challenged with non-infective pathogen genotypes, resulting in increased resistance to subsequent infections by infective pathogen genotypes. We developed an epidemiological model to explore how mixing two distinct resistant varieties can reduce disease prevalence. We considered a pathogen population composed of three genotypes infecting either one or both varieties. We found that host mixtures should not contain an equal proportion of resistant plants, but a biased ratio (e.g. 80 : 20) to minimize disease prevalence. Counter-intuitively, the optimal ratio of resistant varieties should contain a lower proportion of the costliest resistance for the pathogen to break. This benefit is amplified by priming. This strategy also prevents the invasion of pathogens breaking all resistances.

SUBMITTER: Clin P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10246846 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The proportion of resistant hosts in mixtures should be biased towards the resistance with the lowest breaking cost.

Clin Pauline P Grognard Frédéric F Andrivon Didier D Mailleret Ludovic L Hamelin Frédéric M FM

PLoS computational biology 20230525 5

Current agricultural practices facilitate emergence and spread of plant diseases through the wide use of monocultures. Host mixtures are a promising alternative for sustainable plant disease control. Their effectiveness can be partly explained by priming-induced cross-protection among plants. Priming occurs when plants are challenged with non-infective pathogen genotypes, resulting in increased resistance to subsequent infections by infective pathogen genotypes. We developed an epidemiological m ...[more]

PMID: 37228168

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Project description:Backgrounds and aimsA major challenge when supporting the development of intercropping systems remains the design of efficient species mixtures. The ecological processes that sustain overyielding of legume-based mixtures compared to pure crops are well known, but their links to plant traits remain to be unravelled. A common assumption is that enhancing trait divergence among species for resource acquisition when assembling plant mixtures should increase species complementarity and improve community performance.MethodsThe Virtual Grassland model was used to assess how divergence in trait values between species on four physiological functions (namely light and mineral N acquisition, temporal development, and C-N use efficiency) affected overyielding and mixture stability in legume-based binary mixtures. A first step allowed us to identify the model parameters that were most important to interspecies competition. A second step involved testing the impact of convergent and divergent parameter (or trait) values between species on virtual mixture performance.ResultsMaximal overyielding was achieved in cases where trait values were divergent for the physiological functions controlling N acquisition and temporal development but convergent for light interception. It was also found that trait divergence should not affect competitive abilities of legume and non-legumes at random. Indeed, random trait combinations frequently led to reduced mixture yields when compared to a perfectly convergent neutral model. Combinations with the highest overyielding also tended to be associated with mixture instability and decreasing legume biomass proportion. Achieving both high overyielding and mixture stability was only found to be possible under low or moderate N levels, using combinations of traits adapted to each environment.ConclusionsNo simple assembly rule based on trait divergence could be confirmed. Plant models able to infer plant-plant interactions can be helpful for the identification of major interaction traits and the definition of ideotypes adapted to a targeted intercropping system.

Dataset Information

The proportion of resistant hosts in mixtures should be biased towards the resistance with the lowest breaking cost.

Publications

The proportion of resistant hosts in mixtures should be biased towards the resistance with the lowest breaking cost.

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