Depression is associated with heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). Depression, a common comorbidity of T2DM, may further increase the risk of heart failure (HF). We investigated the association between depression and incident HF in patients with T2DM.

Methods and results

Depressive symptoms were assessed in the ACCORD Health-Related Quality of Life study participants at baseline, 12, 36, and 48 months using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The severity of depressive symptoms was categorized as none (0-4 points), mild (5-9 points), or moderate-severe (10-24 points). Cox regression with PHQ-9 as a time-dependent covariate was used to assess the association between depression and incident HF. During the median follow-up of

SUBMITTER: Chen Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10248230 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature