Ascending aorta thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 who was already receiving anticoagulation therapy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bouratzis V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10257436 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Ascending aorta thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 who was already receiving anticoagulation therapy.
Bouratzis Vasileios V Katsouras Christos C Lakkas Lampros L Bechlioulis Aris A Michalis Lampros K LK
European heart journal. Case reports 20230602 6
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Project description:BackgroundData on thrombosis and current real-world management strategies for anticoagulation therapy are scarce but important for understanding current issues and unmet needs of an optimal management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodThe CLOT-COVID Study (thrombosis and antiCoaguLatiOn Therapy in patients with COVID-19 in Japan Study: UMIN000045800) was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study enrolling consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 among 16 centers in Japan from April 2021 to September 2021, and we tried to capture the status of the patients in the fourth and fifth waves of the COVID-19 infections in Japan. We enrolled consecutive hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and had a positive polymerase chain reaction test obtained from the hospital databases.ResultsAmong 2894 patients with COVID-19, 1245 (43%) received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The proportion of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis increased according to the severity of the COVID-19 in 9.8% with mild COVID-19, 61% with moderate COVID-19, and 97% with severe COVID-19. The types and doses of anticoagulants varied widely across the participating centers. During the hospitalization, 38 patients (1.3%) and 126 (4.4%) underwent ultrasound examinations for the lower extremities and contrast-enhanced computed tomography examinations, respectively, and 55 (1.9%) developed thrombosis, mostly venous thromboembolism (71%). The incidence of thrombosis increased according to the severity of the COVID-19 in 0.2% with mild COVID-19, 1.4% with moderate COVID-19, and 9.5% with severe COVID-19. Major bleeding occurred in 57 patients (2.0%) and 158 (5.5%) died, and 81% of them were due to respiratory failure from COVID-19 pneumonia.ConclusionsIn the present large-scale observational study, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was common especially in patients with severe COVID-19, and management strategies varied widely across the participating centers. The overall incidence of thrombosis was substantially low with an increased incidence according to the severity of the COVID-19.
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Project description:BackgroundCOVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infected patients have increased risk for thrombotic events, which initially may have been under recognized. The existence of cardiovascular emboli can be directly life threatening when obstructing the blood flow to vital organs such as the brain or other parts of the body. The exact mechanism for this hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients yet remains to be elucidated.Case summaryA 72-year-old man critically ill with COVID-19 was diagnosed with a free-floating and mural thrombus in the thoracic aorta. Subsequent distal embolization to the limbs led to ischaemia and necrosis of the right foot. Treatment with heparin and anticoagulants reduced thrombus load in the ascending and thoracic aorta.DiscussionOne-third of COVID-19 patients show major thrombotic events, mostly pulmonary emboli. The endothelial expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors makes it feasible that in patients with viraemia direct viral-toxicity to the endothelium of also the large arteries results in local thrombus formation. Up to date, prophylactic anticoagulants are recommended in all patients that are hospitalized with COVID-19 infections to prevent venous and arterial thrombotic complications.
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Project description:The COVID-19 infection induces coagulation dysfunction resulting in an increased incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT), mostly in the lower extremities. While upper-extremity DVT is less frequent than lower-extremity DVT, the thrombosis of internal jugular vein or brachiocephalic (innominate) vein is an uncommon presentation. All the current studies concerning the thrombotic risk linked to hospital COVID-19 indicate that therapeutic anticoagulation does not improve the clinical prognosis in the intensive care unit. Standard prophylactic anticoagulation is therefore recommended. But again, thrombotic complications of COVID-19 infection are still frequently reported nowadays despite anticoagulation therapy, as we can see in this case report. Here we report a rare case of a 50-year-old woman with a previous history of dyslipidemia, admitted for COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure. The patient developed during hospitalization an acute bilateral PE, with upper-extremity DVT including thrombosis of the left brachiocephalic vein extended to the left internal jugular vein, while under prophylactic anticoagulation since hospital admission, leading finally to the patient's death from respiratory failure. At present, the pathophysiology of the hypercoagulable state related to COVID-19 infection is poorly understood. The significant rate of thrombosis despite preventive and therapeutic dosage anticoagulation raises the possibility of a pathophysiology unique to COVID-19. This rare case highlights the importance of thrombotic morbidity and mortality associated with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and the need for further studies to better understand the physiopathology behind the thrombotic state of COVID 19 infection and establish a more efficient way to deal with these complications.
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Project description:Introduction: It is well-established that clinical pharmacist-managed anticoagulation services achieve superior anticoagulation control, with a positive impact. At King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the structure of anticoagulation management is a pharmacist-managed specialty service. With the current COVID-19 situation, measures were taken to assure the continuity of patient care by establishing tele-pharmacy anticoagulation clinics. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study with patients prescribed anticoagulation and followed up for 3 months. Since establishing the anticoagulation virtual clinic in March 2020, 270 patients were recruited in the study. The data collected included age, gender, comorbidities, indication for anticoagulation, intended duration of treatment, warfarin dose, testing of International Normalized Ratio (INR), INR target, range of INR values, time INR that was within the therapeutic range (TTR), and complications of therapy (bleeding and/or bruises). The patients were asked to complete the pharmacist satisfaction survey (PSS) after their consultation to assess patient satisfaction with the new virtual consultation system. Linguistic and cultural validation was conducted for the questionnaire. Results: A total of 270 patients were included in the study. The mean percentage of overall INR values in the range was 59.39% ± 32.84, and the mean time with the overall INR was within the therapeutic range 57.81% ± 32.08. Thirty-one percent of the sample had good anticoagulation control (time in therapeutic range >70%). The median satisfaction score was 32 (IQR 28-36) with a maximum score of 40. Conclusion: This is the first study to assess the tele-pharmacy anticoagulation clinic's efficiency and patient satisfaction in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of consultation was as effective as face-to-face consultations. The study also highlighted that though the reduction in the cost of care was not substantial, there was a significant increase in resource (clinical pharmacist) utilization as a result of this model. The adoption of tele-pharmacy resulted in time savings for the clinical pharmacists who can be utilized in many other improvement projects in adult ambulatory clinics to ensure the delivery of better quality and safe patient care.
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Project description:BackgroundThe SARS-CoV2 virus has been an emerging virus since December 2019 and is the cause of a global pandemic whose clinical manifestations extend far beyond respiratory disease.Case summaryA patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory infection, carrying a mechanical mitral valve and under anticoagulation, was admitted to our cardiology department because of a new atrial fibrillation, which turned out to be related to thrombosis of the mitral mechanical valve.ConclusionThe pro-coagulant effect of the SARS-CoV2 virus does not spare patients at risk of thrombosis, even under effective anticoagulation. In patients with mechanical valves under vitamin K antagonist treatment, there is a high risk of thrombus formation. The treatment is based on thrombolysis by therapeutic anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, or surgery depending on the size, composition of thrombus, and clinical manifestation.
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Project description:IntroductionInvolvement of the large vessels is rarely reported and poorly understood in cases of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to present a series of cases with large vessel thrombosis (LVT).MethodsThis is a multicenter prospective case series study. The participants were consecutive in order. All the patients were diagnosed as cases of COVID-19 with documented LVT were included in the study. Large vessels were defined as any vessel equal or larger than popliteal artery. The mean duration of follow up was 4 months.ResultsThe study included 22 cases, 19 (86.4%) cases were male, 3 (13.6%) patients were females. The age ranged from 23 to 76 with a mean of 48.4 years. Four (18.2%) cases had pulmonary embolism confirmed by IV contrast enhanced chest CT scan. All of the cases showed pulmonary parenchymal ground glass opacities (GGO) and high D-Dimers (ranging from 1267 to 6038 ng/ml with a mean of 3601 ng/ml).ConclusionCOVID-19 is a hidden risk factor of LVT that may endanger the patient's life and lead to major amputation. Despite therapeutic anticoagulants still all COVID-19 patients are at risk for LVT, a high index of suspicion should be created and with minimal symptoms surgical consultation should be obtained.
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