Dataset Information

Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method.

ABSTRACT: Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and ethanethiol. Characteristic OES from both atom lines (C I and Cl I) and radical bands (CS, CH, and C₂) is identified, confirming MW-APP-OES can preserve more information about target agents without full atomization. Gas flow rate and MW power are optimized to achieve the best analytical results. Good linearity is obtained from the calibration curve for the CS band (linear coefficients R ² > 0.995) over a wide range of concentrations, and a limit of detection down to sub-ppm is achieved with response time on the order of second. With SM simulants as examples, the analytical results in this work indicate that MW-APP-OES is a promising method for real-time and in-site detection of chemical warfare agents.

SUBMITTER: Xu D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10272426 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method.

Xu Dexin D Li Cong C Yang Liu L Zhu Wenchao W Huang Bangdou B Zhang Cheng C Shao Tao T

Frontiers in chemistry 20230602

Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-ch ...[more]

PMID: 37332893

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Project description:A high-power nitrogen-based microwave inductively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasma was coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer to investigate its characteristics as an ion source for element mass spectrometry. The influence of operating conditions on analyte sensitivity, plasma background, and polyatomic ion formation was investigated for conventional solution-based analysis. By varying the forward power and the nebulizer gas flow rate, the plasma background ions were found to decrease with increasing gas flow rates and decreasing operating power. Analyte ions showed different trends, which could be related to the physical-chemical properties of the elements. We could identify three groups based on the location of maximum intensity in the power vs. flow rate contour plot. Atomic ions of elements with low first ionization energy and low oxygen bond strength were found to maximize at a high nebulizer gas flow rate and lower microwave power. Elements with intermediate ionization energy and higher oxygen bond strength required higher power settings for optimum sensitivity, while elements with the highest ionization energies required the highest power and lowest gas flow rates for their optimization. The latter group showed a substantial suppression in sensitivity compared to elements of similar mass, which is considered to result from the high abundance of NO in the plasma source, whose ionization energy is close to that of these elements. Metal oxide ions were found at similar or higher abundances than in the conventional argon-based ICP and could be minimized only by using a low gas flow rate and high power settings. These general trends were also observed when the vacuum interface was modified. To change the dynamics of the supersonic expansion, different sampler cone orifice sizes and sampler-skimmer distances were investigated and the interface pressure was lowered through an additional pump. These modifications did not yield significant differences in ion transmission but lowering the interface pressure reduced the relative abundance of metal oxide ions. The limits of detection were evaluated for optimized plasma conditions and found comparable to those of an argon ICP source with the same mass spectrometer.

Dataset Information

Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method.

Publications

Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method.

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