Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review.

ABSTRACT: Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects adult females. However, in the last decades, rising incidence and prevalence have been observed for demographic extremes, such as pediatric-onset MS (POMS; occurring before 18 years of age) and late-onset MS (corresponding to an onset above 50 years). These categories show peculiar clinical-pathogenetic characteristics, aging processes and disease courses, therapeutic options, and unmet needs. Nonetheless, several open questions are still pending. POMS patients display an important contribution of multiple genetic and environmental factors such as EBV, while in LOMS, hormonal changes and pollution may represent disease triggers. In both categories, immunosenescence emerges as a pathogenic driver of the disease, particularly for LOMS. In both popula

SUBMITTER: Capasso N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10272733 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature