The components of tumor microenvironment as biomarker for immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Substantial improvement in prognosis among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients has been achieved, owing to the rapid development and utilization of immunotherapy. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been considered the backbone of systemic therapy for patients with mRCC alongside multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the latest clinical practice guidelines. However, controversies and challenges in optimal individualized treatment regarding immunotherapy remains still About 2/3 of the patients presented non-response or acquired resistance to ICIs. Besides, immune-related toxicities, namely immune-related adverse events, are still elusive and life-threatening. Thus, reliable biomarkers to predict immunotherapeutic outcomes for mRCC patients are n

SUBMITTER: Su J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10282412 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature