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Development of a barley reference material for gluten analysis.

ABSTRACT: Celiac disease (CD) can be triggered in susceptible individuals by the consumption of gluten, a complex storage protein mixture present in wheat, rye and barley. There is no specific reference material (RM) available for barley and this leads to inaccurate quantitation of barley gluten in supposedly gluten-free foods. Therefore, the aim was to select representative barley cultivars to establish a new barley RM. The relative protein composition of the 35 barley cultivars averaged 25% albumins and globulins, 11% d-hordeins, 19% C-hordeins, and 45% B/γ-hordeins. The mean gluten and protein content was 7.2 g/100 g and 11.2 g/100 g, respectively. The prolamin/glutelin ratio (1:1) commonly used in ELISAs to calculate the gluten content was found to be inappropriate for barley (1.6 ± 0.6). Eight cultivars suitable as potential RMs were selected to ensure a typical barley protein composition and improve food safety for CD patients.

SUBMITTER: Xhaferaj M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10282984 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of a barley reference material for gluten analysis.

Xhaferaj Majlinda M Muskovics Gabriella G Schall Eszter E Bugyi Zsuzsanna Z Tömösközi Sándor S Scherf Katharina A KA

Food chemistry 20230519

Celiac disease (CD) can be triggered in susceptible individuals by the consumption of gluten, a complex storage protein mixture present in wheat, rye and barley. There is no specific reference material (RM) available for barley and this leads to inaccurate quantitation of barley gluten in supposedly gluten-free foods. Therefore, the aim was to select representative barley cultivars to establish a new barley RM. The relative protein composition of the 35 barley cultivars averaged 25% albumins and ...[more]

PMID: 37236081

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Project description:Recent advances in mass spectrometric (MS) instruments resulting in high mass resolution and high duty cycles have allowed of very deep coverage of proteomes. However, even with state of the art, high duty cycle instruments, the number of proteins identified with a conventional single liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC/MS/MS) analysis is typically limited and fractionating protein samples prior to LC/MS/MS analysis is crucial for increasing both the analytical dynamic range and proteome coverage. In order to achieve near comprehensive identification of proteomes two-dimensional (2D) chromatography has been an invaluable tool. This first dimension is typically performed with µL/min flow and relatively large column inner diameters, which allow efficient pre-fractionation but typically require peptide amounts in the milligram range while the second dimension is typically performed with nL/min flow rates and capillary columns with small inner diameters. Typically, reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) provides high peak resolution of peptides and achieves higher peak capacities than strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX) due to the faster chromatographic partitioning. Another advantage of RPLC is that the mobile phases used generate much cleaner samples for downstream analyses, while the incorporation of a desalting step for SCX in order to eliminated the high salt concentrations that can significantly decrease the analytical sensitivity of the MS analysis due to ionization problems. When operated at widely different pH values (e.g., 1st dimension pH 10 and 2nd dimension pH 3) 2D RPLC-RPLC provides separation orthogonality comparable to that of the combination of SCX-RPLC. The difference of separation selectivity between the low and high pH (HpH) RPLC comes from the changes in the charge distribution within peptide chains upon altering pH of the eluent. Herein we describe a method in which tryptic peptides are separated in the first dimension by HpH-RPLC and fractions are collected every 90 s over an 80 min gradient. For the second dimension, each of these fractions is individually run by the standard low pH RPLC method. The implementation of the HpH pre-fractionation allows for short second dimension gradients for bottom up LC/MS/MS and yields very deep (e.g. thousands of identifications) protein coverage at reasonable measurement time.

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Development of a barley reference material for gluten analysis.

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Development of a barley reference material for gluten analysis.

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