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A Bifunctional Liquid Fuel Cell Coupling Power Generation and V^3.5+ Electrolytes Production for All Vanadium Flow Batteries.

ABSTRACT: All vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are considered one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technology, but restricts by the high manufacturing cost of V^3.5+ electrolytes using the current electrolysis method. Here, a bifunctional liquid fuel cell is designed and proposed to produce V^3.5+ electrolytes and generate power energy by using formic acid as fuels and V⁴⁺ as oxidants. Compared with the traditional electrolysis method, this method not only does not consume additional electric energy, but also can output electric energy. Therefore, the process cost of producing V^3.5+ electrolytes is reduced by 16.3%. This fuel cell has a maximum power of 0.276 mW cm^-2 at an operating current of 1.75 mA cm^-2 . Ultraviolet-visible spectrum and potentiometric titration identify the oxidation state of prepared vanadium electrolytes is 3.48 ± 0.06, close to the ideal 3.5. VFBs with prepared V^3.5+ electrolytes deliver similar energy conversion efficiency and superior capacity retention to that with commercial V^3.5+ electrolytes. This work proposes a simple and practical strategy to prepare V^3.5+ electrolytes.

SUBMITTER: Sun S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10288229 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Bifunctional Liquid Fuel Cell Coupling Power Generation and V3.5+ Electrolytes Production for All Vanadium Flow Batteries.

Sun Shibo S Fang Liwei L Guo Hui H Sun Liping L Liu Yong Y Cheng Yuanhui Y

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 20230420 18

All vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are considered one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technology, but restricts by the high manufacturing cost of V3.5+ electrolytes using the current electrolysis method. Here, a bifunctional liquid fuel cell is designed and proposed to produce V3.5+ electrolytes and generate power energy by using formic acid as fuels and V4+ as oxidants. Compared with the traditional electrolysis method, this method not only does ...[more]

PMID: 37078798

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Project description:A core component of energy storage systems like vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) is the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). In this work, the frequently used perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) membrane Nafion™ 117 and a novel poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)-based membrane are investigated. A well-known problem in VRFBs is the vanadium permeation through the membrane. The consequence of this so-called vanadium crossover is a severe loss of capacity. For a better understanding of vanadium transport in membranes, the uptake of vanadium ions from electrolytes containing Vdimer(IV-V) and for comparison also V(II), V(III), V(IV), and V(V) by both membranes was studied. UV/VIS spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (microXRF) were used to determine the vanadium concentrations and the species inside the membrane. The results strongly support that Vdimer(IV-V), a dimer formed from V(IV) and V(V), enters the nanoscopic water-body of Nafion™ 117 as such. This is interesting, because as of now, only the individual ions V(IV) and V(V) were considered to be transported through the membrane. Additionally, it was found that the Vdimer(IV-V) dimer partly dissociates to the individual ions in the novel PVDF-based membrane. The Vdimer(IV-V) dimer concentration in Nafion™ was determined and compared to those of the other species. After three days of equilibration time, the concentration of the dimer is the lowest compared to the monomeric vanadium species. The concentration of vanadium in terms of the relative uptake λ = n(V)/n(SO3) are as follows: V(II) [λ = 0.155] > V(III) [λ = 0.137] > V(IV) [λ = 0.124] > V(V) [λ = 0.053] > Vdimer(IV-V) [λ = 0.039]. The results show that the Vdimer(IV-V) dimer needs to be considered in addition to the other monomeric species to properly describe the transport of vanadium through Nafion™ in VRFBs.

Dataset Information

A Bifunctional Liquid Fuel Cell Coupling Power Generation and V^3.5+ Electrolytes Production for All Vanadium Flow Batteries.

Publications

A Bifunctional Liquid Fuel Cell Coupling Power Generation and V<sup>3.5+</sup> Electrolytes Production for All Vanadium Flow Batteries.

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