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Cross-reactive humoral immunity of clade 2 Oka and MAV/06 strain-based varicella vaccines against different clades of varicella-zoster virus.

ABSTRACT: The currently used Japanese Oka and Korean MAV/06-attenuated varicella vaccine strains belong to clade 2 genotype varicella-zoster viruses (VZV). More than seven clades of VZV exist worldwide. In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity of antibodies induced by clade 2 genotype vaccines against VZV strains belonging to clades 1, 2, 3, and 5 using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 59 donors, 29 were vaccinated with the MAV/06 strain MG1111 (GC Biopharma, South Korea) and the other 30 were vaccinated with the Oka strain VARIVAX (Merck, USA). The sera were titrated using FAMA tests prepared with six different VZV strains (two vaccine strains, one wild-type clade 2 strain, and one each of clade 1, 3, and 5 strains). The ranges of geometric mean titers (GMTs) of FAMA against six different strains were 158.7-206.5 and 157.6-238.9 in MG1111 and VARIVAX groups, respectively. GMTs of the MG1111 group against all six strains were similar; however, GMTs of the VARIVAX group showed differences of approximately 1.5-fold depending on the strains. Nevertheless, the GMTs of the two vaccinated groups for the same strain were not significantly different. These results suggest that both MG1111 and VARIVAX vaccinations induce cross-reactive humoral immunity against other clades of VZV.

SUBMITTER: Hwang JY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10294754 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cross-reactive humoral immunity of clade 2 Oka and MAV/06 strain-based varicella vaccines against different clades of varicella-zoster virus.

Hwang Ji-Young JY Kim Yunhwa Y Lee Kyung-Min KM Shin Ok Sarah OS Gim Jeong-An JA Shin Younchul Y Park Hosun H

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20230523 1

The currently used Japanese Oka and Korean MAV/06-attenuated varicella vaccine strains belong to clade 2 genotype varicella-zoster viruses (VZV). More than seven clades of VZV exist worldwide. In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity of antibodies induced by clade 2 genotype vaccines against VZV strains belonging to clades 1, 2, 3, and 5 using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 59 donors, 29 were vaccinated with the MAV/06 strain MG1111 (GC Biopharma, South ...[more]

PMID: 37218543

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Project description:BackgroundIn 2010, a universal nomenclature for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) clades was established, which is very useful in the monitoring of viral evolution, recombination, spread and genetic diversity. Currently, information about VZV clades has been disclosed worldwide, however, there are limited data regarding the characterization of circulating VZV clades in China, even where varicella remains widely epidemic.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2012, clinical samples with varicella or zoster were collected in General Hospital in eight provinces and analyzed by PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The viral clades were determined by analysis of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 447-bp fragment of open reading frame (ORF) 22, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of ORF 38 (PstI), ORF 54 (BglI) and ORF 62 (SmaI) were evaluated to understand genetic diversity of VZV and determinate varicella vaccine adverse event (VVAE).ResultsSeventy-seven varicella and 11 zoster samples were identified as being positive for VZV. The five SNPs profile showed that the majority of VZV strains belonged to clade 2, but clade 5 and clade 4 strains were also found in Guangdong. The RFLPs analysis of the DNA fragments of ORF 38, 54 and 62 showed that 85 of these samples were characterized as PstI + BglI + SamI-, and the remaining three VZV strains from varicella patients were characterized as PstI-BglI + SamI+ which is the genetic profile of VVAEs.ConclusionsThe study suggested that the predominant clade 2 VZVs had been continually circulating since at least the 1950s in China. Nearly all VZV strains except VVAEs possessed the genetic profile of PstI + BglI + Sam-. However, the other clades were also found to be co-circulating with clade 2, especially in the border regions. These results highlighted the need for the constant and broad use of virologic surveillance to provide an important genetic baseline for varicella control and vaccination programs in China.

Project description:BackgroundVaricella Zoster Virus (VZV) is consistently in circulation and shows an increase in disease burden during the spring season. Due to a wide range of clinical presentation from a vesicular rash to bleeding or neurological complications, it makes the clinical diagnosis difficult. The present study aims to understand whether the same strain of virus is responsible for the increase in the seasonal outbreaks occurring in different parts of the country with reference to the samples from Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat states of India.Materials and methodsThis study reports the clinico-epidemiological and laboratory findings of suspected Varicella cases. To understand the circulating clade few representative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive were analyzed by conventional PCR and partial Open Reading Frame (ORF) 22, partial ORF 38 and partial ORF 54 were sequenced to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for clade determination. Further partial glycoprotein B gene was sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was generated.ResultsA total of 50 cases from Maharashtra (Mumbai district) and referred clinical samples of Rajasthan (Barmer district; n = 12) and Gujarat States (Gandhi Nagar, Surat districts; n = 17) were tested for the presence of VZV. Vesicular rash with fever was a common clinical presentation with 82% cases having contact history with VZV positive cases, suggesting higher secondary attack rate. The vesicular fluid of all 50 cases from Mumbai revealed the presence of VZV by real-time PCR. Urine, serum and throat swab samples showed positivity by real-time PCR. Healthcare provider's samples from Rajasthan showed 36.4% [4/11] positivity. Clinical samples from Gujarat had positivity of 41.2% [7/17].ConclusionsThis study analyses the clade based circulation of VZV in three states in India and suggests different clades circulating in Maharashtra state. Health education amongst the general population is suggested to reduce the secondary cases by early diagnosis, effective isolation policies and vaccination to reduce the burden of disease.

Dataset Information

Cross-reactive humoral immunity of clade 2 Oka and MAV/06 strain-based varicella vaccines against different clades of varicella-zoster virus.

Publications

Cross-reactive humoral immunity of clade 2 Oka and MAV/06 strain-based varicella vaccines against different clades of varicella-zoster virus.

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