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Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of incomplete immunization among children in Africa as well as its determinants. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and online institutional repository homes were searched. Studies published within English language, with full text available for searching, and studies conducted in Africa were included in this meta-analysis. A pooled prevalence, Sub-group analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were conducted. Out of 1305 studies assessed, 26 met our criteria and were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of incomplete immunization was 35.5% (95% CI: 24.4, 42.7), I² = 92.1%). Home birth (AOR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-4.9), rural residence (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.1-20.1), lack of antenatal care visit (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4-5.1), lack of knowledge of immunizations (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6), and maternal illiteracy (AOR = 1.7: 95%CI: 1.3-2.0) were associated with incomplete immunization. In Africa, the prevalence of incomplete immunization is high. It is important to promote urban residency, knowledge of immunization and antenatal follow up care.

SUBMITTER: Atnafu Gebeyehu N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10294773 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Atnafu Gebeyehu Natnael N Abebe Gelaw Kelemu K Asmare Adella Getachew G Dagnaw Tegegne Kirubel K Adie Admass Biruk B Mesele Gesese Molalegn M

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20230505 1

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of incomplete immunization among children in Africa as well as its determinants. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and online institutional repository homes were searched. Studies published within English language, with full text available for searching, and studies conducted ...[more]

PMID: 37144686

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Project description:BackgroundDyslipidemia is a common public health problem in Africa. It has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor. It has been steadily increasing due to economic growth, urbanization, and unhealthy dietary pattern. Therefore, it is essential to identify determinants of dyslipidemia to prevent the condition and reduce its long-term sequel.MethodsCombinations of search terms with Boolean operators were used to retrieve studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Cinahl, Scopus, Mednar, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated based on the 2017 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. After evaluation of each study against these criteria, studies with a minimum score of 7 or above out of 9 JBI checklists were included. We included articles presented in the English language. The Cochrane Q test was used to assess the heterogeneity across studies. The visual assessment of publication bias was done by creating a funnel plot. The possible causes of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. Egger's weighted regression test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. Statistical analyses were done by using the STATA software version 14.ResultA total of 24 articles involving 37,902 participants from 10 African countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia was 52.8 (95% CI 40.8-64.9). Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) >25.0 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) >94 cm were, respectively, 2.36 (95% CI (1.33-4.18), p < 0.001) and 2.33 (95% CI (0.75-0.29) p < 0.001) times more likely to develop dyslipidemia than those with lower values. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were 2.32 (95% CI (0.89-6.05) p < 0.001) and 2.05 (95% CI (1.31-3.21), p < 0.001) times more likely to present with dyslipidemia than non-diabetic patients and those without HTN.ConclusionThis study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high among study participants in African countries and the independent predictors of dyslipidemia were BMI >25.0 kg/m2, WC > 94 cm, raised blood glucose level, and raised blood pressure. Therefore, there should be a pressing public health measure to prevent, identify, and treat dyslipidemia with the special emphasis on obese, diabetic, and hypertensive patients.

Project description:BackgroundOrphan children represent a category of children who lost their family support. Their health status is poorer when compared to their parented counterparts. As the most prevalent disease in the world, dental caries is expected to affect orphans greatly. Being vulnerable, health status of orphan children must be monitored and studied; so that health improvement plans would be formulated. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the extent of the dental caries problem among institutionalized orphan children and its determinants.MethodsThe review has two outcomes: comparing caries experience of institutionalized children to their parented counterparts, and reviewing the determinants of caries in the exposure group. Two systematic searches (one for each outcome) were run on MedLine via PubMed, Cochrane library, LILACS, Egyptian knowledge bank (EKB) and Google Scholar; beside hand search and searching grey literature.ResultsThe searches yielded 17,760, followed by 16,242 records for the first and second outcomes respectively. The full text was screened for 33 and 103 records for the two outcomes respectively; after translating non-English reports. Finally, the review included 9 records to address the first outcome and 21 records for the second. The pooled results showed that the exposure group may show slightly poorer caries experience regarding permanent teeth (pooled mean difference of DMF = 0.09 (-0.36, 0.55)); but they have a much poorer caries experience regarding primary teeth health (pooled mean difference of dmf = (0.64 (-0.74, 2.01)). Meta-analysis of the caries determinants showed that institutionalization increases the risk of caries by 19%. Gender showed slight effect on caries risk with males being more affected; while primary teeth revealed higher risk of caries when compared to permanent teeth.ConclusionLimited by the heterogeneity and risk of bias of the included studies, meta-analyses concluded that institutionalized orphan children have higher risk of caries. Yet, the institutionalization circumstances were not well-documented in all the included studies. So, the complete picture of the children's condition was not possibly sketched.Trial registrationProtocol has been registered online on the PROSPERO database with an ID CRD42023443582 on 24/07/2023.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Malnutrition in pregnancy remains unacceptably high across all regions of Africa though promising progresses have been made globally. Primary studies might not be sufficient to portrait a comprehensive picture of malnutrition during pregnancy and its main risk factors. Therefore, we intended to review the burden of malnutrition, for this specific review implies to protein energy malnutrition, during pregnancy in Africa to present its magnitude and determinant factors. METHODS:We did a systematic review of observational studies published from January 1/2008 to January 31/2018. The CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), Emcare, PubMed databases and Google scholar were searched. Articles quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and studies with fair to good quality were included. We pooled malnutrition prevalence and an odds ratio estimates for risk factors after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. This review has been registered in Prospero with a protocol number CRD42018114949. RESULT:23 studies involving 20,672 pregnant women were included. Using a random effect model, the overall pooled prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa was 23.5% (95%CI: 17.72-29.32; I2 = 98.5%). Based on the current review pooled odds ratio finding; rural residency (POR = 2.6%; 95%CI: 1.48-4.65; I2 = 0%), low educational status of partners (POR = 1.7%; 95%CI: 1.19-2.53; I2 = 54.8%), multiple pregnancy (POR = 2.15%; 95%CI: 1.27-3.64; I2 = 0%) and poor nutritional indicators (POR = 2.03%; 95%CI: 1.72-2.4, I2 = 0%) were positively determine maternal malnutrition. On contrary, better household economic status (POR = 0.47%; 95%CI: 0.36-0.62; I2 = 24.2%) negatively determine maternal malnutrition. CONCLUSION:A significant number of the pregnant population in Africa are suffering of malnutrition, above 10% of the standard acceptable malnutrition rate. Thus, efforts should be renewed to ensure a proper and widespread implementation of programs that would address issues identified in the current review to reduce the burden of malnutrition.

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Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

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