Dataset Information

The Biological Roles of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Effectors during Infection of Wheat.

ABSTRACT: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is the causative agent of wheat stripe rust, which can lead to a significant loss in annual wheat yields. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deeper comprehension of the basic mechanisms underlying Pst infection. Effectors are known as the agents that plant pathogens deliver into host tissues to promote infection, typically by interfering with plant physiology and biochemistry. Insights into effector activity can significantly aid the development of future strategies to generate disease-resistant crops. However, the functional analysis of Pst effectors is still in its infancy, which hinders our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between Pst and wheat. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of validated and proposed Pst effectors during wheat infection, including proteinaceous effectors, non-coding RNAs (sRNA effectors), and secondary metabolites (SMs effectors). Further, we suggest specific countermeasures against Pst pathogenesis and future research directions, which may promote our understanding of Pst effector functions during wheat immunity attempts.

SUBMITTER: Wang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10296696 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The Biological Roles of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Effectors during Infection of Wheat.

Wang Junjuan J Chen Tongtong T Tang Yawen Y Zhang Sihan S Xu Mengyao M Liu Meiyan M Zhang Jian J Loake Gary J GJ Jiang Jihong J

Biomolecules 20230526 6

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is the causative agent of wheat stripe rust, which can lead to a significant loss in annual wheat yields. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deeper comprehension of the basic mechanisms underlying Pst infection. Effectors are known as the agents that plant pathogens deliver into host tissues to promote infection, typically by interfering with plant physiology and biochemistry. Insights into effector activity can signific ...[more]

PMID: 37371469

Similar Datasets

Project description:Stripe rust [caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the Yr5 gene, originally identified in Triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (R) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of Pst in the United States. To identify transcripts associated with the Yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5-compatible interaction, the Wheat GeneChip was used to profile the changes occurring in wheat isolines that differed for the presence of the Yr5 gene after inoculation with Pst. This time-course study (6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation) identified 115 transcripts that were induced during the R-gene-mediated incompatible interaction, and 73 induced during the compatible interaction. Fifty-four transcripts were induced in both interactions and were considered as basal defence transcripts, whilst 61 transcripts were specific to the incompatible interaction [hypersensitive response (HR)-specific transcripts] and 19 were specific to the compatible interaction (biotrophic interaction-specific transcripts). The temporal pattern of transcript accumulation showed a peak at 24 h after infection that may reflect haustorial penetration by Pst at ~16 h. An additional 12 constitutive transcript differences were attributed to the presence of Yr5 after eliminating those considered as incomplete isogenicity. Annotation of the induced transcripts revealed that the presence of Yr5 resulted in a rapid and amplified resistance response involving signalling pathways and defence-related transcripts known to occur during R-gene-mediated responses, including protein kinase signalling and the production of reactive oxygen species leading to a hypersensitive response. Basal defence also involved substantial induction of many defence-related transcripts but the lack of R-gene signalling resulted in weaker response.

Project description:Wheat yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. To design effective breeding strategies that maximize the potential for durable disease resistance it is important to understand the molecular basis of PST pathogenicity. In particular, the characterisation of the structure, function and evolutionary dynamics of secreted effector proteins that are detected by host immune receptors can help guide and prioritize breeding efforts. However, to date, our knowledge of the effector repertoire of cereal rust pathogens is limited.We re-sequenced genomes of four PST isolates from the US and UK to identify effector candidates and relate them to their distinct virulence profiles. First, we assessed SNP frequencies between all isolates, with heterokaryotic SNPs being over tenfold more frequent (5.29 ± 2.23 SNPs/kb) than homokaryotic SNPs (0.41 ± 0.28 SNPs/kb). Next, we implemented a bioinformatics pipeline to integrate genomics, transcriptomics, and effector-focused annotations to identify and classify effector candidates in PST. RNAseq analysis highlighted transcripts encoding secreted proteins that were significantly enriched in haustoria compared to infected tissue. The expression of 22 candidate effector genes was characterised using qRT-PCR, revealing distinct temporal expression patterns during infection in wheat. Lastly, we identified proteins that displayed non-synonymous substitutions specifically between the two UK isolates PST-87/7 and PST-08/21, which differ in virulence to two wheat varieties. By focusing on polymorphic variants enriched in haustoria, we identified five polymorphic effector candidates between PST-87/7 and PST-08/21 among 2,999 secreted proteins. These allelic variants are now a priority for functional validation as virulence/avirulence effectors in the corresponding wheat varieties.Integration of genomics, transcriptomics, and effector-directed annotation of PST isolates has enabled us to move beyond the single isolate-directed catalogues of effector proteins and develop a framework for mining effector proteins in closely related isolates and relate these back to their defined virulence profiles. This should ultimately lead to more comprehensive understanding of the PST pathogenesis system, an important first step towards developing more effective surveillance and management strategies for one of the most devastating pathogens of wheat.

Dataset Information

The Biological Roles of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Effectors during Infection of Wheat.

Publications

The Biological Roles of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> Effectors during Infection of Wheat.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets