Comparison of urine heavy metals in exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette users by race/ethnicity: The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Special Sample.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in urine concentrations of heavy metals (uranium, cadmium, and lead) between exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers across three racial/ethnic groups using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 Special Sample.

Methods

Data from NHANES 2015-2016 Special Sample were analyzed to assess the association between menthol smoking and heavy metal biomarkers in urine across three racial/ethnic groups (N=351), including Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic/Other (HISPO). Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate adjusted geometric means (GMs) and ratio of GMs (menthol/non-menthol smokers) (RGMs) for urine bio

SUBMITTER: Lin W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10302213 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature