Association between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density in children and adolescent: Observational and Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage among children and adolescences. Caffeine was demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism. However, the relationship between caffeine intake and BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to identified relationship between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents.

Methods

Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted an epidemiological cross-section study to measure the relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD in children and adolescents by multivariate linear regression models. Then, five methods of Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate their causal relationship between coffee and

SUBMITTER: Cui A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10309635 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature