Comparing the Effects of Low-Dose Ketamine, Fentanyl, and Morphine on Hemorrhagic Tolerance and Analgesia in Humans.

ABSTRACT: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Ketamine, fentanyl, and morphine are recommended analgesics for use in the prehospital (i.e., field) setting to reduce pain. However, it is unknown whether any of these analgesics reduce hemorrhagic tolerance in humans. We tested the hypothesis that fentanyl (75 µg) and morphine (5 mg), but not ketamine (20 mg), would reduce tolerance to simulated hemorrhage in conscious humans. Each of the three analgesics was evaluated independently among different cohorts of healthy adults in a randomized, crossover (within drug/placebo comparison), placebo-controlled fashion using doses derived from the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines for Medical Personnel. One minute after an intravenous infusion of the analg

SUBMITTER: Watso JC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10329983 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature