Beyond the Complement Cascade: Insights into Systemic Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Current Barriers to Treatment.

ABSTRACT: Landmark genetic studies have revealed the effect of complement biology and its regulation on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Limited phase 3 clinical trial data showing a benefit of complement inhibition in AMD raises the prospect of more complex mediators at play. Substantial evidence supports the role of para-inflammation in maintaining homeostasis in the retina and choroid. With increasing age, a decline in immune system regulation, known as immunosenescence, has been shown to alter the equilibrium maintained by para-inflammation. The altered equilibrium results in chronic, sterile inflammation with aging, termed 'inflammaging', including in the retina and choroid. The chronic inflammatory state in AMD is complex, with contributions from cells of the innate

SUBMITTER: Khan AH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10340338 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature