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Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.

ABSTRACT: Zeaxanthin and lutein are xanthophyll pigments present in the human retina and particularly concentrated in its center referred to as the yellow spot (macula lutea). The fact that zeaxanthin, including its isomer meso-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, in contrast to lutein also present in the peripheral regions, raises questions about the possible physiological significance of such a heterogeneous distribution of macular xanthophylls. Here, we attempt to address this problem using resonance Raman spectroscopy and confocal imaging, with different laser lines selected to effectively distinguish the spectral contribution of lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to solve the problem of xanthophyll localization in the axon membranes. The obtained results allow us to conclude that one of the key advantages of a particularly high concentration of zeaxanthin in the central part of the retina is the high efficiency of this pigment in the dynamic filtration of light with excessive intensity, potentially harmful for the photoreceptors.

SUBMITTER: Grudzinski W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10342121 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.

Grudzinski Wojciech W Luchowski Rafal R Ostrowski Jan J Sęk Alicja A Mendes Pinto Maria Manuela MM Welc-Stanowska Renata R Zubik-Duda Monika M Teresiński Grzegorz G Rejdak Robert R Gruszecki Wieslaw I WI

International journal of molecular sciences 20230627 13

Zeaxanthin and lutein are xanthophyll pigments present in the human retina and particularly concentrated in its center referred to as the yellow spot (macula lutea). The fact that zeaxanthin, including its isomer <i>meso</i>-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, in contrast to lutein also present in the peripheral regions, raises questions about the possible physiological significance of such a heterogeneous distribution of macular xanthophylls. Here, we attempt to addre ...[more]

PMID: 37445880

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Project description:PurposeTo evaluate macular pigment response to carotenoid supplementation in glaucomatous eyes.DesignDouble-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the European Nutrition in Glaucoma Management Study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04460365).ParticipantsSixty-two participants (38 men, 24 women) with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma were enrolled. Forty-two were randomized to receive the active supplement, 20 participants were allocated to placebo.MethodsMacular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured by autofluorescence using the Heidelberg Spectralis scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Macular pigment optical density volume within the central 6° of retinal eccentricity as well as MPOD at 0.23°, 0.51°, 0.74°, and 1.02° were recorded at baseline and at 6-month intervals over 18 months. Visual function was assessed using visual acuity, mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity under glare conditions, photo stress recovery time, microperimetry, and Glaucoma Activities Limitation 9 questionnaire. Advanced glaucoma module scans of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness over the central 6° of retinal eccentricity also were completed at each study visit.Main outcome measuresChange in MPOD after supplementation with 10 mg lutein, 2 mg zeaxanthin, and 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin or placebo over 18 months.ResultsA mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant increase in MPOD volume (significant time effect: F(3,111) = 89.31, mean square error (MSE) = 1656.9; P < 0.01). Post hoc t tests revealed a significant difference in MPOD volume at each study visit for the treatment group (P < 0.01 for all), but no change in the placebo group (P > 0.05 for all). A statistically significant increase in mesopic contrast sensitivity under glare conditions was noted at 18 months in the treatment group, but not placebo. No other structural or functional changes were observed. No serious adverse events were noted during the trial.ConclusionsMacular pigment can be augmented in glaucomatous eyes by supplementation with a formulation containing the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. The greatest relative benefit was observed in those with the lowest baseline levels, but increases were noted across all participants and each retinal eccentricity. The potential benefits of MP augmentation for macular health in glaucoma merit further long-term evaluation.

Dataset Information

Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.

Publications

Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.

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