Heading Frequency and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Retired Male Professional Soccer Players.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Although professional soccer players appear to be at higher risk of neurodegenerative disease, the reason remains unknown.

Objective

To examine whether heading frequency is associated with risk of cognitive impairment in retired professional soccer players.

Design, setting, and participants

A UK nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between August 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, in 459 retired male professional soccer players older than 45 years and registered with the Professional Footballers' Association or a League Club Players' Association.

Exposure

Data on heading frequency in 3 bands-0 to 5, 6 to 15, and more than 15 times per match or training session and other soccer-specific risk factors, such as player position and concussion-were

SUBMITTER: Espahbodi S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10352859 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature