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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer.

ABSTRACT: Carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) have drawn tremendous biomedical research interest because of their unique structural features. Recently, CNMs, namely carbon dots, fullerenes, graphene, etc, have been successful in establishing them as considerable nanotherapeutics for phototherapy applications due to their electrical, thermal, and surface properties. This review aims to crosstalk the current understanding of CNMs as multimodal compounds in photothermal and photodynamic therapies as an integrated approach to treating cancer. It also expounds on phototherapy's biomechanics and illustrates its relation to cancer biomodulation. Critical considerations related to the structural properties, fabrication approaches, surface functionalization strategies, and biosafety profiles of CNMs have been explained. This article provides an overview of the most recent developments in the study of CNMs used in phototherapy, emphasizing their usage as nanocarriers. To conquer the current challenges of CNMs, we can raise the standard of cancer therapy for patients. The review will be of interest to the researchers working in the area of photothermal and photodynamic therapies and aiming to explore CNMs and their conjugates in cancer therapy.

SUBMITTER: Gupta T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10357070 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer.

Gupta Tanisha T Pawar Bhakti B Vasdev Nupur N Pawar Vinayak V Tekade Rakesh Kumar RK

Technology in cancer research & treatment 20230101

Carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) have drawn tremendous biomedical research interest because of their unique structural features. Recently, CNMs, namely carbon dots, fullerenes, graphene, etc, have been successful in establishing them as considerable nanotherapeutics for phototherapy applications due to their electrical, thermal, and surface properties. This review aims to crosstalk the current understanding of CNMs as multimodal compounds in photothermal and photodynamic therapies as an integra ...[more]

PMID: 37461375

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Project description:BackgroundSemen quality parameters are potentially affected by nanomaterials in several ways: Inhaled nanosized particles are potent inducers of pulmonary inflammation, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. Small amounts of particles may translocate from the lungs into the lung capillaries, enter the systemic circulation and ultimately reach the testes. Both the inflammatory response and the particles may induce oxidative stress which can directly affect spermatogenesis. Furthermore, spermatogenesis may be indirectly affected by changes in the hormonal milieu as systemic inflammation is a potential modulator of endocrine function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials on sperm quality parameters in an experimental mouse model.MethodsEffects on sperm quality after pulmonary inflammation induced by carbonaceous nanomaterials were investigated by intratracheally instilling sexually mature male NMRI mice with four different carbonaceous nanomaterials dispersed in nanopure water: graphene oxide (18 μg/mouse/i.t.), Flammruss 101, Printex 90 and SRM1650b (0.1 mg/mouse/i.t. each) weekly for seven consecutive weeks. Pulmonary inflammation was determined by differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Epididymal sperm concentration and motility were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Epididymal sperm viability and morphological abnormalities were assessed manually using Hoechst 33,342/PI flourescent and Spermac staining, respectively. Epididymal sperm were assessed with regard to sperm DNA integrity (damage). Daily sperm production was measured in the testis, and testosterone levels were measured in blood plasma by ELISA.ResultsNeutrophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar fluid showed sustained inflammatory response in the nanoparticle-exposed groups one week after the last instillation. No significant changes in epididymal sperm parameters, daily sperm production or plasma testosterone levels were found.ConclusionDespite the sustained pulmonary inflammatory response, an eight week exposure to graphene oxide, Flammruss 101, Printex 90 and the diesel particle SRM1650b in the present study did not appear to affect semen parameters, daily sperm production or testosterone concentration in male NMRI mice.

Project description:Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic, and genetic factors. While conventional treatments such as surgery and topical therapies have demonstrated variable efficacy (some of them with limited efficacy), they are not free of adverse side effects, most of them debilitating. Thus, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding alternative and non-invasive therapeutic options. This review aims to address this gap, exploring the potential of photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with metallic nanoparticles, namely gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as a minimally invasive treatment approach. Through a comprehensive review of the literature in the period from 2014 to 2024, using experimental investigations, this review seeks to elucidate the intricate interplay between genetic factors, environmental influences, and the tumor microenvironment in BCC disease progression, with PTT as a potential therapeutic strategy. Those studies confirmed an enhanced targeting of cancer cells and selective ablation of tumor tissue, using emerging technologies like PTT. A significant tumor reduction, often exceeding 50%, was observed, with some studies reporting complete elimination of the tumor. The main adverse effects noted were localized skin irritation and transient hyperpigmentation, but these were generally minimal and manageable, highlighting the promise of PTT as an effective treatment. Thus, by leveraging the unique properties of AuNPs to enhance the effectiveness of PTT, the targeting of cancer cells can more precisely occur, reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. This approach not only aims to achieve better clinical results, but also contributes to the broader knowledge base in the field of BCC research. Continued research and clinical trials will be crucial in refining those techniques and validating their efficacy, ultimately paving the way for more effective and less invasive treatments for BCC.

Dataset Information

Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer.

Publications

Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer.

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