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Diet, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 80 countries.


ABSTRACT:

Aims

To develop a healthy diet score that is associated with health outcomes and is globally applicable using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study and replicate it in five independent studies on a total of 245 000 people from 80 countries.

Methods and results

A healthy diet score was developed in 147 642 people from the general population, from 21 countries in the PURE study, and the consistency of the associations of the score with events was examined in five large independent studies from 70 countries. The healthy diet score was developed based on six foods each of which has been associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality [i.e. fruit, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, and dairy (mainly whole-fat); range of scores, 0-6]. The main outcome measures were all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events [cardiovascular disease (CVD)]. During a median follow-up of 9.3 years in PURE, compared with a diet score of ≤1 points, a diet score of ≥5 points was associated with a lower risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.77)], CVD (HR 0.82; 0.75-0.91), myocardial infarction (HR 0.86; 0.75-0.99), and stroke (HR 0.81; 0.71-0.93). In three independent studies in vascular patients, similar results were found, with a higher diet score being associated with lower mortality (HR 0.73; 0.66-0.81), CVD (HR 0.79; 0.72-0.87), myocardial infarction (HR 0.85; 0.71-0.99), and a non-statistically significant lower risk of stroke (HR 0.87; 0.73-1.03). Additionally, in two case-control studies, a higher diet score was associated with lower first myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) 0.72; 0.65-0.80] and stroke (OR 0.57; 0.50-0.65). A higher diet score was associated with a significantly lower risk of death or CVD in regions with lower than with higher gross national incomes (P for heterogeneity <0.0001). The PURE score showed slightly stronger associations with death or CVD than several other common diet scores (P < 0.001 for each comparison).

Conclusion

A diet comprised of higher amounts of fruit, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, and whole-fat dairy is associated with lower CVD and mortality in all world regions, especially in countries with lower income where consumption of these foods is low.

SUBMITTER: Mente A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10361015 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 80 countries.

Mente Andrew A   Dehghan Mahshid M   Dehghan Mahshid M   Rangarajan Sumathy S   O'Donnell Martin M   Hu Weihong W   Dagenais Gilles G   Wielgosz Andreas A   A Lear Scott S   Wei Li L   Diaz Rafael R   Avezum Alvaro A   Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio P   Lanas Fernando F   Swaminathan Sumathi S   Kaur Manmeet M   Vijayakumar K K   Mohan Viswanathan V   Gupta Rajeev R   Szuba Andrzej A   Iqbal Romaina R   Yusuf Rita R   Mohammadifard Noushin N   Khatib Rasha R   Nasir Nafiza Mat NM   Karsidag Kubilay K   Rosengren Annika A   Yusufali Afzalhussein A   Wentzel-Viljoen Edelweiss E   Chifamba Jephat J   Dans Antonio A   Alhabib Khalid F KF   Yeates Karen K   Teo Koon K   Gerstein Hertzel C HC   Yusuf Salim S  

European heart journal 20230701 28


<h4>Aims</h4>To develop a healthy diet score that is associated with health outcomes and is globally applicable using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study and replicate it in five independent studies on a total of 245 000 people from 80 countries.<h4>Methods and results</h4>A healthy diet score was developed in 147 642 people from the general population, from 21 countries in the PURE study, and the consistency of the associations of the score with events was examined i  ...[more]

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