Effect of dissolved metabolites of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham, 1943) on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931): A histological study.

ABSTRACT: Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are a conspicuous phenomenon that affect the coastal zone worldwide. Aquaculture industry zones are not excluded from being affected by HAB that cause organism mortality and jeopardize their innocuity due to the contamination by phytotoxins with the concomitant economic losses. Direct ingestion of metabolites from HAB species or organisms contaminated with phycotoxins together with dermal absorption of dissolved metabolites (DM), including toxins, are the two main routes of poisoning. From these poisoning routes, the effect of DM, particularly paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), has been relatively understudied. This intoxication route can be conspicuous and could be involved in many significant mortalities of cultivated marine organisms. In this study, white shri

SUBMITTER: Flores-Chavarria AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10361116 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature