Investigating Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Parent-Offspring Trios.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, but little is known about the relative effects of transmitted (i.e., direct) and nontransmitted (i.e., indirect) common variant risks. Using parent-offspring trios, we tested whether polygenic liability for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and lower cognitive ability is overtransmitted to ADHD probands. We also tested for indirect or genetic nurture effects by examining whether nontransmitted ADHD polygenic liability is elevated. Finally, we examined whether complete trios are representative of the clinical ADHD population.

Methods

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD, anxiety, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and

SUBMITTER: Martin J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10369485 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature