Understanding the Photodynamic Therapy Induced Bystander and Abscopal Effects: A Review.

ABSTRACT: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved minimally/non-invasive treatment modality that has been used to treat various conditions, including cancer. The bystander and abscopal effects are two well-documented significant reactions involved in imparting long-term systemic effects in the field of radiobiology. The PDT-induced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and immune responses is majorly involved in eliciting the bystander and abscopal effects. However, the results in this regard are unsatisfactory and unpredictable due to several poorly elucidated underlying mechanisms and other factors such as the type of cancer being treated, the irradiation dose applied, the treatment regimen employed, and many others. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to summarize the

SUBMITTER: Moloudi K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10376621 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature