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Insights into the precipitation kinetics of CaCO₃ particles in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering.

ABSTRACT: The formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as an additive was examined by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in a flow system that mimics experimental conditions used at home facilities where the precipitation can be achieved in a beaker. The experiments were carried out at low concentrations to remain in the dilute regime. A model-independent analysis was performed using the Porod invariant which defines the scale factor, leaving only the distribution of radii as the adjustable parameter. The presence of the PSS additive strongly retards the precipitation of CaCO₃ NPs. The formation of NPs reaches a state of equilibrium after a few minutes. Here, it is shown that the concentration of precursors at a fixed PSS concentration plays a key role in determining the size of the NPs obtained. A full analysis of the SAXS patterns was carried out using the Hurd-Flower model to account for the weaker intensity decay than the classical Porod behaviour. The temporal evolution of the particle radii was determined. Wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments carried out simultaneously show that the particles formed have the structure of vaterite with growth consistent with the evolution of the Porod invariant.

SUBMITTER: Gibaud A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10405600 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Insights into the precipitation kinetics of CaCO3 particles in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering.

Gibaud A A Younas D D Matthews L L Narayanan T T Longkaew K K Hageberg I U IU Chushkin Y Y Breiby D W DW Chattopadhyay B B

Journal of applied crystallography 20230714 Pt 4

The formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as an additive was examined by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in a flow system that mimics experimental conditions used at home facilities where the precipitation can be achieved in a beaker. The experiments were carried out at low concentrations to remain in the dilute regime. A model-independent analysis was performed using the Porod invariant which define ...[more]

PMID: 37555223

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Project description:Structural and functional aspects of high-density lipoproteins have been studied for over half a century. Due to the plasticity of this highly complex system, new aspects continue to be discovered. Here, we present a structural study of the human Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and investigate the role of its N-terminal domain, the so-called globular domain of ApoA1, in discoidal complexes with phospholipids and increasing amounts of cholesterol. Using a combination of solution-based small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular constrained data modeling, we show that the ApoA1-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)-based particles are disk shaped with an elliptical cross section and composed by a central lipid bilayer surrounded by two stabilizing ApoA1 proteins. This structure is very similar to the particles formed in the so-called nanodisc system, which is based on N-terminal truncated ApoA1 protein. Although it is commonly agreed that the nanodisc is plain disk shaped, several more advanced structures have been proposed for the full-length ApoA1 in combination with POPC and cholesterol. This prompted us to make a detailed comparative study of the ApoA1 and nanodisc systems upon cholesterol uptake. Based on the presented SAXS analysis it is found that the N-terminal domains of ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol particles are not globular but instead an integrated part of the protein belt stabilizing the particles. Upon incorporation of increasing amounts of cholesterol, the presence of the N-terminal domain allows the bilayer thickness to increase while maintaining an overall flat bilayer structure. This is contrasted by the energetically more strained and less favorable lens shape required to fit the SAXS data from the N-terminal truncated nanodisc system upon cholesterol incorporation. This suggests that the N-terminal domain of ApoA1 actively participates in the stabilization of the ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol discoidal particle and allows for a more optimal lipid packing upon cholesterol uptake.

Project description:Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), secreted through biological metabolic activity, secured an imperative position in remedial measures within the construction industry subsequent to ecological, environmental and economical returns. However, this contemporary recurrent healing system is susceptible to microbial depletion in the highly alkaline cementitious environment. Therefore, researchers are probing for alkali resistant calcifying microbes. In the present study, alkaliphilic microbes were isolated from different soil sources and screened for probable CaCO3 precipitation. Non-ureolytic pathway (oxidation of organic carbon) was adopted for calcite precipitation to eliminate the production of toxic ammonia. For this purpose, calcium lactate Ca(C3 H5 O3 )2 and calcium acetate Ca(CH3 COO)2 were used as CaCO3 precipitation precursors. The quantification protocol for precipitated CaCO3 was established to select potent microbial species for implementation in the alkaline cementitious systems as more than 50% of isolates were able to precipitate CaCO3 . Results suggested 80% of potent calcifying strains isolated in this study, portrayed higher calcite precipitation at pH 10 when compared to pH 7. Ten superlative morphologically distinct isolates capable of CaCO3 production were identified by 16SrRNA sequencing. Sequenced microbes were identified as species of Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Planococcus, Chryseomicrobium and Corynebacterium. Further, microstructure of precipitated CaCO3 was inspected through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Then, the selected microbes were investigated in the cementitious mortar to rule out any detrimental effects on mechanical properties. These strains showed maximum of 36% increase in compressive strength and 96% increase in flexural strength. Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium and Planococcus genera have been reported as CaCO3 producers but isolated strains have not yet been investigated in conjunction with cementitious mortar. Moreover, species of Chryseomicrobium and Glutamicibacter were reported first time as calcifying strains.

Dataset Information

Insights into the precipitation kinetics of CaCO₃ particles in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering.

Publications

Insights into the precipitation kinetics of CaCO<sub>3</sub> particles in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate using <i>in situ</i> small-angle X-ray scattering.

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