Structural polymorphisms within a common powdery mildew effector scaffold as a driver of coevolution with cereal immune receptors.

ABSTRACT: In plants, host-pathogen coevolution often manifests in reciprocal, adaptive genetic changes through variations in host nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) and virulence-promoting pathogen effectors. In grass powdery mildew (PM) fungi, an extreme expansion of a RNase-like effector family, termed RALPH, dominates the effector repertoire, with some members recognized as avirulence (AVR) effectors by cereal NLR receptors. We report the structures of the sequence-unrelated barley PM effectors AVR_A6, AVR_A7, and allelic AVR_A10/AVR_A22 variants, which are detected by highly sequence-related barley NLRs MLA6, MLA7, MLA10, and MLA22 and of wheat PM AVR_PM2 detected by the unrelated wheat NLR PM2. The AVR effectors adopt

SUBMITTER: Cao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10410722 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature