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Geometrical digital twins of the as-built microstructure of three-leaf stone masonry walls with laser scanning.

ABSTRACT: Research on irregular stone masonry walls is hampered by the lack of detailed geometrical models of their internal micro-structure, i.e. the shape and size of each stone and its position within the wall. Without such a geometric digital twin of walls tested in the laboratory, it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy of existing numerical simulation techniques. Here, we describe the generation of geometrical digital twins of three irregular stone masonry walls built in the laboratory. We labelled each stone manually and then obtained the geometry of the individual stones using a portable laser scanning device. With the same device we scanned the wall after the construction of each layer. We then registered the position of each stone in the layer. This paper outlines the methodology for the data acquisition and digital reconstruction and presents the datasets for the walls. The developed geometrical digital twins provide unique information regarding the micro-structure of constructed walls that is key for the development and validation of numerical simulation techniques for stone masonry.

SUBMITTER: Saloustros S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10415350 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geometrical digital twins of the as-built microstructure of three-leaf stone masonry walls with laser scanning.

Saloustros Savvas S Settimi Andrea A Ascencio Andrea Cabriada AC Gamerro Julien J Weinand Yves Y Beyer Katrin K

Scientific data 20230810 1

Research on irregular stone masonry walls is hampered by the lack of detailed geometrical models of their internal micro-structure, i.e. the shape and size of each stone and its position within the wall. Without such a geometric digital twin of walls tested in the laboratory, it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy of existing numerical simulation techniques. Here, we describe the generation of geometrical digital twins of three irregular stone masonry walls built in the laboratory. We labelled ...[more]

PMID: 37563190

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Project description:Background: The conservation of the built masonry heritage requires a comprehensive understanding of its geometrical, structural, and material characteristics. Non-destructive techniques are a preferred approach to survey historical buildings, given the cultural value of their fabric. However, currently available techniques are typically operated manually, consuming much time at operational and processing level and thus hindering their use for the on-site inspection of heritage structures. Methods: A novel automated sonic tomography system was designed and built to inspect and obtain information about the inner structure and damage of historic masonry walls. The system consists of a hitting device mounted on a frame that can be placed adjacent to the wall under analysis. The hitting device can move along the surface within the frame area in X, Y and Z directions, generating the sonic wave. The receiving system is a scanning laser vibrometer, able to measure from the distance the displacement of a focused point over time, recording the wave when it reaches the opposite surface. Results: Six stone masonry walls with different interior geometries were constructed at the laboratory by a professional stonemason. The construction of the walls was carefully documented, including the generation of detailed photogrammetric models of each single stone. The system was applied to survey the six masonry walls. Since the inner morphology of the walls is known, the resulting tomographic images could be compared with the ground truth. Conclusions: Automating the inspection allowed to collect thousands of data in a few hours. New software was also developed to automate the processing of the data. Results are expected to highlight the potential of tomography to obtain quantitative information about the interior of heritage structures, while providing new tools that make the implementation of the technique more practical for professionals. Data, software and models have been made publicly available.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Microscopic images are widely used in plant biology as an essential source of information on morphometric characteristics of the cells and the topological characteristics of cellular tissue pattern due to modern computer vision algorithms. High-resolution 3D confocal images allow extracting quantitative characteristics describing the cell structure of leaf epidermis. For some issues in the study of cereal leaves development, it is required to apply the staining techniques with fluorescent dyes and to scan rather large fragments consisting of several frames. We aimed to develop a tool for processing multi-frame multi-channel 3D images obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy and taking into account the peculiarities of the cereal leaves staining. RESULTS:We elaborated an ImageJ-plugin LSM-W2 that allows extracting data on Leaf Surface Morphology from Laser Scanning Microscopy images. The plugin is a crucial link in a workflow for obtaining data on structural properties of leaf epidermis and morphological properties of epidermal cells. It allows converting large lsm-files (laser scanning microscopy) into segmented 2D/3D images or tables with data on cells and/or nuclei sizes. In the article, we also represent some case studies showing the plugin application for solving biological tasks. Namely the plugin is applied in the following cases: defining parameters of jigsaw-puzzle pattern for maize leaf epidermal cells, analysis of the pavement cells morphological parameters for the mature wheat leaf grown under control and water deficit conditions, initiation of cell longitudinal rows, and detection of guard mother cells emergence at the initial stages of the stomatal morphogenesis in the growth zone of a wheat leaf. CONCLUSION:The proposed plugin is efficient for high-throughput analysis of cellular architecture for cereal leaf epidermis. The workflow implies using inexpensive and rapid sample preparation and does not require the applying of transgenesis and reporter genetic structures expanding the range of species and varieties to study. Obtained characteristics of the cell structure and patterns further could act as a basis for the development and verification for spatial models of plant tissues formation mechanisms accounting for structural features of cereal leaves. AVAILABILITY:The implementation of this workflow is available as an ImageJ plugin distributed as a part of the Fiji project (FijiisjustImageJ: https://fiji.sc/ ). The plugin is freely available at https://imagej.net/LSM_Worker , https://github.com/JmanJ/LSM_Worker and http://pixie.bionet.nsc.ru/LSM_WORKER/ .

Dataset Information

Geometrical digital twins of the as-built microstructure of three-leaf stone masonry walls with laser scanning.

Publications

Geometrical digital twins of the as-built microstructure of three-leaf stone masonry walls with laser scanning.

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