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An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In-Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite.

ABSTRACT: Implanted neural stimulation and recording devices hold vast potential to treat a variety of neurological conditions, but the invasiveness, complexity, and cost of the implantation procedure greatly reduce access to an otherwise promising therapeutic approach. To address this need, a novel electrode that begins as an uncured, flowable prepolymer that can be injected around a neuroanatomical target to minimize surgical manipulation is developed. Referred to as the Injectrode, the electrode conforms to target structures forming an electrically conductive interface which is orders of magnitude less stiff than conventional neuromodulation electrodes. To validate the Injectrode, detailed electrochemical and microscopy characterization of its material properties is performed and the feasibility of using it to stimulate the nervous system electrically in rats and swine is validated. The silicone-metal-particle composite performs very similarly to pure wire of the same metal (silver) in all measures, including exhibiting a favorable cathodic charge storage capacity (CSC_C ) and charge injection limits compared to the clinical LivaNova stimulation electrode and silver wire electrodes. By virtue of its simplicity, the Injectrode has the potential to be less invasive, more robust, and more cost-effective than traditional electrode designs, which could increase the adoption of neuromodulation therapies for existing and new indications.

SUBMITTER: Trevathan JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10425988 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In-Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite.

Trevathan James K JK Baumgart Ian W IW Nicolai Evan N EN Gosink Brian A BA Asp Anders J AJ Settell Megan L ML Polaconda Shyam R SR Malerick Kevin D KD Brodnick Sarah K SK Zeng Weifeng W Knudsen Bruce E BE McConico Andrea L AL Sanger Zachary Z Lee Jannifer H JH Aho Johnathon M JM Suminski Aaron J AJ Ross Erika K EK Lujan Jose L JL Weber Douglas J DJ Williams Justin C JC Franke Manfred M Ludwig Kip A KA Shoffstall Andrew J AJ

Advanced healthcare materials 20191107 23

Implanted neural stimulation and recording devices hold vast potential to treat a variety of neurological conditions, but the invasiveness, complexity, and cost of the implantation procedure greatly reduce access to an otherwise promising therapeutic approach. To address this need, a novel electrode that begins as an uncured, flowable prepolymer that can be injected around a neuroanatomical target to minimize surgical manipulation is developed. Referred to as the Injectrode, the electrode confor ...[more]

PMID: 31697052

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Project description:BackgroundFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) can be used in rehabilitation to aid or improve function in people with paralysis. In clinical settings, it is common practice to use transcutaneous electrodes to apply the electrical stimulation, since they are non-invasive, and can be easily applied and repositioned as necessary. However, the current electrode options available for transcutaneous FES are limited and can have practical disadvantages, such as the need for a wet interface with the skin for better comfort and performance. Hence, we were motivated to develop a dry stimulation electrode which could perform equivalently or better than existing commercially available options.MethodsWe manufactured a thin-film dry polymer nanocomposite electrode, characterized it, and tested its performance for stimulation purposes with thirteen healthy individuals. We compared its functionality in terms of stimulation-induced muscle torque and comfort level against two other types of transcutaneous electrodes: self-adhesive hydrogel and carbon rubber. Each electrode type was also tested using three different stimulators and different intensity levels of stimulation.ResultsWe found the proposed dry polymer nanocomposite electrode to be functional for stimulation, as there was no statistically significant difference between its performance to the other standard electrodes. Namely, the proposed dry electrode had comparable muscle torque generated and comfort level as the self-adhesive hydrogel and carbon rubber electrodes. From all combinations of electrode type and stimulators tested, the dry polymer nanocomposite electrode with the MyndSearch stimulator had the most comfortable average rating.ConclusionsThe dry polymer nanocomposite electrode is a durable and flexible alternative to existing self-adhesive hydrogel and carbon rubber electrodes, which can be used without the addition of a wet interfacing agent (i.e., water or gel) to perform as well as the current electrodes used for stimulation purposes.

Dataset Information

An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In-Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite.

Publications

An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In-Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite.

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