Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Exclusive Smokeless Tobacco Use among US Males: Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data 2003-2018.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

To evaluate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Exclusive ST users were compared to exclusive cigarette smokers and non-tobacco users.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Sample

Data were used from 16,336 adult males who participated in one of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018.

Measures

Biochemically verified tobacco use, CVD risk factors (hypertension, cholesterol levels, BMI categories), physical activity, cotinine concentration, and sociodemographic variables.

Analysis

Weighted analysis of the aggregate data was performed. ST users were compared with cigarette smokers and nontobacco users for their association with CVD risk factors. Associations were examined us

SUBMITTER: Mushtaq N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10434754 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature