Dataset Information

Field data on pre-season rice straw degradation using a microbial substrate and the effects on methane emissions during rice cultivation.

ABSTRACT: Rice straw is one of the most abundant biomass wastes derived from rice cultivation activities. The current rice straw management practice during the wet (rainy) season in Malaysia involves the integration of straw into the soil. This practice offers both advantages and disadvantages to rice farmers and the environment. Straw integration may improve nutrient availability while concurrently causing high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the increase in soil carbon activity. In this work, the use of microbial substrate to enhance the degradation of straw was compared to an existing technique that used no additional inputs during soil integration. The data collected consisted of overall microbial enzyme production, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen content, seasonal greenhouse gas emissions, plant characteristics, and crop yield. In brief, these data can be used as means of demonstrating the effects of improved straw degradation during the pre-season on the overall GHG emissions during the planting season.

SUBMITTER: Jumat F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10439292 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Field data on pre-season rice straw degradation using a microbial substrate and the effects on methane emissions during rice cultivation.

Jumat Fauzi F Rahman Mohammad Hariz Abdul MHA Bakar Syuhaidah Abu SA Shakri Nur Alyani NA Kamaruzaman Rahiniza R Bakar Nurul Ain Abu NAA Rashid Mohd Aziz MA Suptian Mohd Fairuz Md MFM Ab Malek Rashidah R Zulkifle Nur Liyana NL

Data in brief 20230706

Rice straw is one of the most abundant biomass wastes derived from rice cultivation activities. The current rice straw management practice during the wet (rainy) season in Malaysia involves the integration of straw into the soil. This practice offers both advantages and disadvantages to rice farmers and the environment. Straw integration may improve nutrient availability while concurrently causing high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the increase in soil carbon activity. In this work, the ...[more]

PMID: 37600135

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Project description:Paddy rice fields are one of the most important sources of anthropogenic methane. Improving the accuracy in the CH4 budget is fundamental to identify strategies to mitigate climate change. Such improvement requires a mechanistic understanding of the complex interactions between environmental and agronomic factors determining CH4 emissions, and also the characterization of the annual temporal CH4 emissions pattern in the whole crop cycle. Hence, both the growing and fallow seasons must be included. However, most of the previous research has been based on single-factor analyses that are focused on the growing season. In order to fill this gap, a study was conducted in a Mediterranean rice agrosystem (Ebre Delta, Catalonia) following a farm-to-farm approach with the purpose of 1) evaluating the cumulative and temporal pattern of CH4 emission, and 2) conducting a multi-variate analyses to assess the associative pattern, relative contribution and temporal variation of the main explanatory variables concerning the observed CH4 emissions. Measurements of CH4 emissions and agronomic and environmental parameters in 15 commercial rice fields were monitored monthly, during a whole crop field cycle. The temporal pattern of CH4 emission followed a bi-modal distribution peaking in August and October. The cumulative annual CH4 emissions from rice fields amounted 314 kg CH4 kg ha-1, of which ca. 70% were emitted during the fallow season. The main controlling factors of the CH4 emission rate in the growing season were positive related to water level and plant cover, while soil redox was negatively related. The main controlling factors in the fallow season were water level (negatively related, conversely to the growing season), as well as straw incorporation and soil temperature (positively related). The results of this study highlight the importance of the often neglected fallow season in the accurate estimation of CH4 emissions and, thus, the necessity of measurement programs that cover the whole crop field cycle. This information is the first step for setting effective mitigation strategies based on straw and water management.

Project description:Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two opposite functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddy fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered. Discussion: Our result indicates that the overall methane emission is larger than that of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, prior studies in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; conversely, the higher the contribution of the rice providing oxygen. Finally, rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.

Dataset Information

Field data on pre-season rice straw degradation using a microbial substrate and the effects on methane emissions during rice cultivation.

Publications

Field data on pre-season rice straw degradation using a microbial substrate and the effects on methane emissions during rice cultivation.

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