Dataset Information

Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives.

ABSTRACT: Alkannin, shikonin and their derivatives (A/S) are secondary metabolites produced in the roots of certain plants of the Boraginaceae family such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. and Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. These naphthoquinones express anti-cancer, wound healing, and antimicrobial activities. To study the interactions between endophytic bacteria isolated from A. tinctoria and the antimicrobials A/S, endophytic bacteria known to be resistant to the compounds were screened for their effect on A/S in liquid medium. Thereafter, the strain Pseudomonas sp. R-72008, was selected and tested for its ability to modify A/S in nutrient medium and minimal medium with A/S as sole carbon source. Bacterial growth was recorded, and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses were performed to detect and quantify metabolites. In nutrient medium inoculated with R-72008, a decrease in the amount of A/S monomers initially present was observed and correlated with an increase of A/S oligomers. Moreover, a significant decrease of initial A/S monomers in minimal medium was correlated with bacterial growth, showing for the first time that a bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. R-72008, was able to use the naphthoquinones A/S as sole carbon source. This study opens new perspectives on the interactions between bacteria and plant antimicrobials.

SUBMITTER: Rat A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10440953 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives.

Rat Angélique A Koletti Antigoni E AE Rodić Nebojša N Papageorgiou Vassilios P VP Willems Anne A Assimopoulou Andreana N AN

Frontiers in pharmacology 20230807

Alkannin, shikonin and their derivatives (A/S) are secondary metabolites produced in the roots of certain plants of the Boraginaceae family such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. and Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. These naphthoquinones express anti-cancer, wound healing, and antimicrobial activities. To study the interactions between endophytic bacteria isolated from A. tinctoria and the antimicrobials A/S, endophytic bacteria known to be resistant to the compoun ...[more]

PMID: 37608899

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Project description:IntroductionAlkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant secondary metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of AMF strains on the growth and production of A/Sd in A. tinctoria has been reported in the literature.MethodsHere, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plants were associated with the GINCO strain Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and, in Experiment 2, with two strains of GINCO (R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408) and two native strains isolated from wild growing A. tinctoria (R. irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum) and were grown in a semi-hydroponic (S-H) cultivation system. Plants were harvested after 9 and 37 days in Experiment 1 and 9 days in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, plants were associated with the two native AMF strains and with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and were grown for 85 days in pots under greenhouse conditions. Quantification and identification of A/Sd were performed by HPLC-PDA and by HPLC-HRMS/MS, respectively. LePGT1, LePGT2, and GHQH genes involved in the A/Sd biosynthesis were analyzed through RT-qPCR.ResultsIn Experiment 1, no significant differences were noticed in the production of A/Sd. Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, plants associated with the native AMF R. irregularis had the highest content of total A/Sd expressed as shikonin equivalent. In Experiment 1, a significantly higher relative expression of both LePGT1 and LePGT2 was observed in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 compared with control plants after 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. Similarly, a significantly higher relative expression of LePGT2 in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 was noticed after 9 versus 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. In Experiment 2, a significant lower relative expression of LePGT2 was observed in native AMF R. irregularis inoculated plants compared to the control.DiscussionOverall, our study showed that the native R. irregularis strain increased A/Sd production in A. tinctoria regardless of the growing system used, further suggesting that the inoculation of native/best performing AMF is a promising method to improve the production of important SMs.

Dataset Information

Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives.

Publications

Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives.

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