Project description:Parasympathetic overactivity may cause functional atrioventricular block episodes and necessitate pacemaker implantation in symptomatic cases and those refractory to conventional therapies. In these patients, if it can be clearly demonstrated that there is no structural damage in the conduction system, elimination of the vagal activity based on radiofrequency catheter ablation of main ganglionated plexi around the heart, which is called as cardioneuroablation, might be a rational approach. In this review article, we try to discuss patient selection and procedural steps suitable for cardioneuroablation based on two patients with functional atrioventricular block.

| S-EPMC6835157 | biostudies-literature

Comparative effects of intensive ganglionated plexus ablation in treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and vasovagal syncope.

Project description:BackgroundGanglionated plexus (GP) ablation is used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) and vasovagal syncope (VVS). However, the comparative effects of GP ablation in treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and VVS have not been well studied.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intensive GP ablation on PAF and VVS.MethodsPAF and VVS patients were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed in the PAF group, and additional ablation was performed at GP sites. Anatomic ablation of left atrial GPs was performed in the VVS group. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF or other sustained atrial tachycardia and syncope recurrence.ResultsA total of 195 patients were enrolled: 146 patients with PAF, including eight patients with combined VVS (PAF group), and 49 patients with VVS (VVS group). Vasovagal response (VR) was achieved in 78 (53.4%) patients in the PAF group and 48 patients (98.0%) in the VVS group (P < .05). During the 17.8 ± 10.5 (range, 3-42) month follow-up, 126 (86.3%) patients were free of AF in the PAF group, and 45 (91.8%) patients in the VVS group had no syncope recurrence and significantly improved symptoms.ConclusionsAnatomically guided intensive GP ablation showed efficient clinical outcomes for both groups of patients. Compared with PAF patients, VVS patients had more VR during ablation in the left atrium. Furthermore, VR during ablation indicated a better prognosis in PAF patients.

| S-EPMC7661657 | biostudies-literature

Cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with syncope and rapidly progressive atrioventricular block: a case report.

Project description:BackgroundCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) accounts for a substantial morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of CS is important to prevent such detrimental consequences. A definite diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis remains challenging. Even after the diagnosis of CS is established, the appropriate dose and duration of corticosteroids in the treatment of CS have not been well-defined.Case summaryIn this report, we discuss a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with recurrent syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block. Telemetry captured high-grade atrioventricular block. Coronary angiogram showed no coronary artery disease. Left ventriculography revealed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35-40%. A dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed mid-myocardial scarring suggestive of sarcoidosis. Computed tomography of the chest showed lymphadenopathy. Transbronchial biopsy was unrevealing; however, mediastinoscopy and lymph node biopsy showed non-caseating granulomas diagnostic of sarcoidosis. He became pacemaker dependent as noted in outpatient pacemaker interrogations. A biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator upgrade was performed for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. He was started on prednisone taper over the course of 6 months. After 1-year, his LVEF improved to 55% and native atrioventricular (AV) conduction had recovered as noted in outpatient device interrogations.DiscussionThis case highlights the importance to include CS in the differential diagnosis of a young patient with conduction system disease and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy for appropriate treatment. Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and AV nodal disease could potentially benefit from a slow prednisone taper over the course of 6 months.

| S-EPMC6426016 | biostudies-literature

Ultrasound-guided imaging for vagus nerve stimulation to facilitate cardioneuroablation for the treatment of functional advanced atrioventricular block.

Project description:We present a case study article demonstrating successful implementation of ultrasound guided extra cardiac vagus nerve stimulation during cardioneuroablation. To our knowledge it is first published description of this technique, as most ECVS are done in the internal jugular vein bulb area. This method allows for reduction of fluoroscopy time, and most importantly reproducible vagus nerve capture especially after full bi-nodal (sinus and atrioventricular) cardioneuroablation when stimulation of vagus nerve may not give any effect in the heart. This article includes a case study with "dual component" atrioventricular block, where functional component is cured with cardioneuroablation, but structural (PR elongation) remains after procedure.

| S-EPMC8577098 | biostudies-literature

What is the mechanism of paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a patient with recurrent syncope?

Project description:Paroxysmal atrioventricular (AV) block is characterized by sudden appearance of complete heart block with no escape rhythm. Three types have been described having different mechanisms namely, vagally mediated, intrinsic, and idiopathic. A rare case scenario is being described with the occurrence of paroxysmal AV block of all three types in the same patient.

| S-EPMC6898553 | biostudies-literature

Clinical controversy: methodology and indications of cardioneuroablation for reflex syncope.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC10227654 | biostudies-literature

Cardioneuroablation for management of cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope and pacemaker complications.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC7424299 | biostudies-literature