Enhancing Sustainable Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Palm Oil Using Bio-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst: Process Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis.

ABSTRACT: A new sustainable solid carbon catalyst has been developed for biodiesel synthesis using pyrolytic coconut shell ash (CSA). The CSA support was loaded with various amounts of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), and response surface methodology with a central composite design was used to optimize the transesterification process. The best-performing catalyst was the 30 wt % K₂CO₃/CSA catalyst. The optimal conditions included a catalyst loading of 3.27 wt %, methanol:oil molar ratio of 9.98:1, reaction time of 74 min, and temperature of 65 °C, resulting in an obtained biodiesel yield of 97.14%. This catalyst was reusable for up to four cycles, but a reduction in the biodiesel yield was observed due to potassium ion leaching during the recovery process. A t

SUBMITTER: Saetiao P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10448658 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature